Back and Spine Flashcards
Where do you perform lumbar puncture?
L3-L4 or L4-L5
How to find the place for lumbar puncture?
Line between the tops of the iliac crests will show you L4
Name the layers which lumbar needle pass
1) Skin
2) Superficial fascia
3) Deep fascia
4) Supraspinous ligament
5) Interspinous ligament
6) Interlaminar space (flava ligament)
7) Epidural space
8) Dura
9) Arachnoid
10) Subarachnoid space
Where does spinal hernia usually located?
Posterior-Lateral
Name the borders of Intervertebral Foramen
Anterior: Vertebral body, Intervertebral disk
Posterior: Zygapophyseal joint, articular processes
Inferior and Superior: pedicles of vertebrae
Which spinal nerve is usually compressed by disk hernia?
The spinal nerve one number below (L4 disk -> L5 nerve)
Which organs do dorsal rami innervate?
- skin of back and dorsal neck
- deep intrinsic muscle (erector spine)
- zygapophyseal joint
Which organs do ventral rami innervate?
- skin of anterolateral trunk and limbs
- skeletal muscles of anterolateral trunk and limbs
How does sympathetic pathway come to head?
T1 -> T1 Sympathetic chain ganglion (doesn’t make synapse) -> lift up to cervical ganglion of sympathetic chain (makes synapse) -> comes with carotid arteries to Target organs (sweat glands, dilator pupillae m., superior tarsal muscle)
How does sympathetic pathway come to abdominal organs?
T1-L2 -> Through Sympathetic chain ganglion (doesn’t make synapse) -> Prevertebral ganglia near the aorta (makes synapse) -> with arteries comes to organs
Name the Cranial nerves which take part in Parasympathetic system?
III, VII, IX, X
Name Parasympathetic Cranial ganglions
4
- Ciliary (III, pupil m., ciliary m.)
- Submandibular (VII, submandibular, sublingual glands)
- Pterygopalatine (VII, lacrimal gland, all mucosal glands)
- Otic (IX, parotid gland)
Where does spinal cord end?
L2
Where does dural sac end?
S2
How many spinal nerves are there?
31
