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Human Anatomy: 476 > Back and Brachial Plexus/ shoulder > Flashcards

Back and Brachial Plexus/ shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

What does Splenius and erector spinae muscles do?

A

Maintain posture

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2
Q

Acting bilaterally, what does Splenius and erector spinae do ?

A

Extends neck and vertebral column

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3
Q

Acting unilaterally, what does Splenius and erector spinae do?

A

Laterally flex neck and vertebral column

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4
Q

What do deep back muscles do and what is the action?

A

1). Maintain posture
2). Extension and rotation of vertebral column

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5
Q

What are intrinsic back muscles innervated by?

A

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves
DO NOT attach to upper limb bones

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6
Q

What are extrinsic back muscles innervated by?

A

Ventral rami of spinal nerves
ALSO ATTACH to upper limb bones (shoulder muscles)

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7
Q

What nerves innervate the upper limb? (BRACHIAL PLEXUS)

A

1). Somatic motor and sensory
2). Sympathetic motor

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8
Q

Where does the brachial plexus originate from and what does it travel through?

A

1). Originates from spinal levels C5-T1 (neck)
2). Travels through axilla

Axilla: space in area of shoulder/ armpit

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9
Q

What are the 4 main terminal branches of the brachial plexus?

A

1). Musculocutaneous
2). Ulnar
3). Radial
4). Median

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10
Q

What spinal levels does Axillary only come from?

A

C5 and C6

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11
Q

What does musculocutaneous nerve innervate? (Motor)

A

Ant. arm

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12
Q

What does Ulnar nerve innervate? (Motor)

A

Part of ant. arm; most of hand

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13
Q

What does median nerve innervate? (Motor)

A

Most of ant. forearm, part of hand

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14
Q

What does radial nerve innervate?

A

Post. arm and forearm

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15
Q

What shoulder muscles does Axillary nerve innervate?

A

Deltoid and Teres minor

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16
Q

What shoulder muscles does Medial pectoral innervate?

A

Pectoralis major and minor

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17
Q

What shoulder muscle does lateral pectoral innervate?

A

Pectorals major

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18
Q

Which of the following is not a synovial joint
A). Sternoclavicular joint
B). Glenohumeral joint
C). Coracoclavicular joint
D). Acromioclavicular joint

A

C). Coracoclavicular joint
Three synovial joints

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19
Q

What are the two ligamentous connections of the shoulder?

A

1). Coracoacromial ligament
2) Coracoclavicular joint

20
Q

What additional stability is provided by the Glenohumeral joint?

A

Glenoid labrum: fibrocartilaginous ring
Rotator cuff muscles: surrounds joint

21
Q

Where does pectoralis major travel from?

A

From ribs, sternum and clavicle to humeral shaft

22
Q

What is the action of pectoralis major?

A

Adducts, flexes and medially rotates glenohumeral joint

23
Q

What is the innervation of pectorals major?

A

medial and lateral pectoral nerves

24
Q

Where does pectoralis minor travel from and action?

A

Travels from ribs to coracoid
Elevates ribs

25
Q

Glenohumeral Joint

A
  • Ball-in-socket joint
  • glenohumeral ligaments surrounds joints
26
Q

What are the extrinsic back muscles?

A

1). Trapezius
2). Latissimus Dorsi
3). Deltoid
4). Rhomboids
5). Levator scapulae
6). Teres major
7). Serratus anterior

27
Q

Where does trapezius travel from and what is its action?

A

Travels from vertebrae and skull to clavicle
Elevates, depresses and retracts scapula

one attachment is spine of scapula

28
Q

Where does Latissimus Dorsi travel from and action?

A

From vertebrae to humeral shaft
Adducts, extends and medially rotates glenohumeral joint

29
Q

Where does Deltoid travel from and its action?

A

Acromion and spine of scapula to humerus
Abducts, flexes, extends and laterally rotates glenohumeral joint

30
Q

Where does rhomboids travel and its action?

A

Vertebrae to medial border of scapula
Retracts scapula

31
Q

Where does levator scapulae travel from and its actions?

A

Vertebrae to medial border of scapula
Retracts and rotates scapula

32
Q

Where does teres major travel from and its actions?

A

inferior angle of scapula to anterior humeral shaft
Adducts and medially rotates glenohumeral joint

33
Q

Where does serratus anterior travel from and its actions?

A

Medial border of scapula to ribs
protracts scapula

34
Q

What are the 4 rotator cuff muscles?

A

1). Supraspinatus
2). Infraspinatus
3). Terms minor
4). Subscapularis

35
Q

Where does supraspinatus travel from and its action?

A

Scapula to greater tubercle
Abducts glenohumeral joint

36
Q

Where does infraspinatus travel from and its action?

A

Scapula to greater tubercle
Laterally rotates glenohumeral joint

37
Q

Where does subscapularis travel from and its action?

A

Ant. scapula to lesser tubercle
medially rotates glenohumeral joint

38
Q

Where does teres minor travel from and its action?

A

Lateral border of scapula to greater tubercle
Laterally rotates glenohumeral joint

39
Q

Damage to the axillary nerve would cause difficulty with which movement?(C5 AND C6)

A

1). Shoulder abduction (deltoid)
2). Shoulder lateral rotation (teres minor)

40
Q

Review quest: Damage to the musculocutaneous nerve would likely make it difficult for a patient to do which of the following?

A

1). Flex their glenohumeral joint
2). Flex their elbow joint

41
Q

Review quest: Damage to the axillary nerve would have which of the following effects?

A

1). Weakness in abduction of the glenohumeral joint
2). Loss of sensation in the skin of the shoulder

42
Q

Review quest: A severe spinal cord injury between spinal nerves C7 and C8 would leave which of the following nerves unaffected?

A

1). Musculocutaneous
2). Axillary

43
Q

Review quest: The spinalis muscle is considered to be one of the intrinsic back muscles. Which of the following statements are true regarding spinals?
A). It is innervated by the dorsal ramus of a spinal nerve
B). It is innervated by the ventral rami of a spinal nerve
C). It attaches to one of the upper limbs bones
D). It is one of the erector spinal muscles

A

A). It is innervated by the dorsal ramus of a spinal nerve

D). It is one of the erector spinal muscles

44
Q

What does cephalic vein drain into?

A

drains into subclavian» courses between deltoid and pec major to join subclavian

45
Q

What does medial cubital vein drain into?

A

Basilic vein, brachial veins
connects basilic and cephalic

46
Q

What does basilic vein drain into?

A

drains into axillary vein

47
Q

A shoulder injury near the cords of the brachial plexus is mostly likely to damage which blood vessel?
A). Subclavian artery (trunk; neck)
B). Axial artery (cords are wrapped around)
C). Brachial artery (terminal branch)
D). Deep brachial artery (terminal branch, radial)

A

B). Axillary artery

Human Anatomy: 476 (6 decks)

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