Back and Brachial Plexus/ shoulder

Question 1

What does Splenius and erector spinae muscles do?

Answer 1

Maintain posture

Question 2

Acting bilaterally, what does Splenius and erector spinae do ?

Answer 2

Extends neck and vertebral column

Question 3

Acting unilaterally, what does Splenius and erector spinae do?

Answer 3

Laterally flex neck and vertebral column

Question 4

What do deep back muscles do and what is the action?

Answer 4

1). Maintain posture
2). Extension and rotation of vertebral column

Question 5

What are intrinsic back muscles innervated by?

Answer 5

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves
DO NOT attach to upper limb bones

Question 6

What are extrinsic back muscles innervated by?

Answer 6

Ventral rami of spinal nerves
ALSO ATTACH to upper limb bones (shoulder muscles)

Question 7

What nerves innervate the upper limb? (BRACHIAL PLEXUS)

Answer 7

1). Somatic motor and sensory
2). Sympathetic motor

Question 8

Where does the brachial plexus originate from and what does it travel through?

Answer 8

1). Originates from spinal levels C5-T1 (neck)
2). Travels through axilla

Axilla: space in area of shoulder/ armpit

Question 9

What are the 4 main terminal branches of the brachial plexus?

Answer 9

1). Musculocutaneous
2). Ulnar
3). Radial
4). Median

Question 10

What spinal levels does Axillary only come from?

Answer 10

C5 and C6

Question 11

What does musculocutaneous nerve innervate? (Motor)

Answer 11

Ant. arm

Question 12

What does Ulnar nerve innervate? (Motor)

Answer 12

Part of ant. arm; most of hand

Question 13

What does median nerve innervate? (Motor)

Answer 13

Most of ant. forearm, part of hand

Question 14

What does radial nerve innervate?

Answer 14

Post. arm and forearm

Question 15

What shoulder muscles does Axillary nerve innervate?

Answer 15

Deltoid and Teres minor

Question 16

What shoulder muscles does Medial pectoral innervate?

Answer 16

Pectoralis major and minor

Question 17

What shoulder muscle does lateral pectoral innervate?

Answer 17

Pectorals major

Question 18

Which of the following is not a synovial joint
A). Sternoclavicular joint
B). Glenohumeral joint
C). Coracoclavicular joint
D). Acromioclavicular joint

Answer 18

C). Coracoclavicular joint
Three synovial joints

Question 19

What are the two ligamentous connections of the shoulder?

Answer 19

1). Coracoacromial ligament
2) Coracoclavicular joint

Question 20

What additional stability is provided by the Glenohumeral joint?

Answer 20

Glenoid labrum: fibrocartilaginous ring
Rotator cuff muscles: surrounds joint

Question 21

Where does pectoralis major travel from?

Answer 21

From ribs, sternum and clavicle to humeral shaft

Question 22

What is the action of pectoralis major?

Answer 22

Adducts, flexes and medially rotates glenohumeral joint

Question 23

What is the innervation of pectorals major?

Answer 23

medial and lateral pectoral nerves

Question 24

Where does pectoralis minor travel from and action?

Answer 24

Travels from ribs to coracoid
Elevates ribs

Question 25

Glenohumeral Joint

Answer 25

- Ball-in-socket joint - glenohumeral ligaments surrounds joints

Question 26

What are the extrinsic back muscles?

Answer 26

1). Trapezius 2). Latissimus Dorsi 3). Deltoid 4). Rhomboids 5). Levator scapulae 6). Teres major 7). Serratus anterior

Question 27

Where does trapezius travel from and what is its action?

Answer 27

Travels from vertebrae and skull to clavicle Elevates, depresses and retracts scapula *one attachment is spine of scapula*

Question 28

Where does Latissimus Dorsi travel from and action?

Answer 28

From vertebrae to humeral shaft Adducts, extends and medially rotates glenohumeral joint

Question 29

Where does Deltoid travel from and its action?

Answer 29

Acromion and spine of scapula to humerus Abducts, flexes, extends and laterally rotates glenohumeral joint

Question 30

Where does rhomboids travel and its action?

Answer 30

Vertebrae to medial border of scapula Retracts scapula

Question 31

Where does levator scapulae travel from and its actions?

Answer 31

Vertebrae to medial border of scapula Retracts and rotates scapula

Question 32

Where does teres major travel from and its actions?

Answer 32

inferior angle of scapula to anterior humeral shaft Adducts and medially rotates glenohumeral joint

Question 33

Where does serratus anterior travel from and its actions?

Answer 33

Medial border of scapula to ribs protracts scapula

Question 34

What are the 4 rotator cuff muscles?

Answer 34

1). Supraspinatus 2). Infraspinatus 3). Terms minor 4). Subscapularis

Question 35

Where does supraspinatus travel from and its action?

Answer 35

Scapula to greater tubercle Abducts glenohumeral joint

Question 36

Where does infraspinatus travel from and its action?

Answer 36

Scapula to greater tubercle Laterally rotates glenohumeral joint

Question 37

Where does subscapularis travel from and its action?

Answer 37

Ant. scapula to lesser tubercle medially rotates glenohumeral joint

Question 38

Where does teres minor travel from and its action?

Answer 38

Lateral border of scapula to greater tubercle Laterally rotates glenohumeral joint

Question 39

Damage to the axillary nerve would cause difficulty with which movement?(C5 AND C6)

Answer 39

1). Shoulder abduction (deltoid) 2). Shoulder lateral rotation (teres minor)

Question 40

Review quest: Damage to the musculocutaneous nerve would likely make it difficult for a patient to do which of the following?

Answer 40

1). Flex their glenohumeral joint 2). Flex their elbow joint

Question 41

Review quest: Damage to the axillary nerve would have which of the following effects?

Answer 41

1). Weakness in abduction of the glenohumeral joint 2). Loss of sensation in the skin of the shoulder

Question 42

Review quest: A severe spinal cord injury between spinal nerves C7 and C8 would leave which of the following nerves unaffected?

Answer 42

1). Musculocutaneous 2). Axillary

Question 43

Review quest: The spinalis muscle is considered to be one of the intrinsic back muscles. Which of the following statements are true regarding spinals? A). It is innervated by the dorsal ramus of a spinal nerve B). It is innervated by the ventral rami of a spinal nerve C). It attaches to one of the upper limbs bones D). It is one of the erector spinal muscles

Answer 43

A). It is innervated by the dorsal ramus of a spinal nerve D). It is one of the erector spinal muscles

Question 44

What does cephalic vein drain into?

Answer 44

drains into subclavian>> courses between deltoid and pec major to join subclavian

Question 45

What does medial cubital vein drain into?

Answer 45

Basilic vein, brachial veins *connects basilic and cephalic*

Question 46

What does basilic vein drain into?

Answer 46

drains into axillary vein

Question 47

A shoulder injury near the cords of the brachial plexus is mostly likely to damage which blood vessel? A). Subclavian artery (trunk; neck) B). Axial artery (cords are wrapped around) C). Brachial artery (terminal branch) D). Deep brachial artery (terminal branch, radial)

Answer 47

B). Axillary artery