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Question 1

spondylosis tx

Answer 1

cervical collar, traction, PT, analgesics

advanced: fusion, diskectomy

Question 2

what is cauda equina syndrome

Answer 2

large midline disk herniation that compresses several nerve roots(usally L4-L5). bowel and bladder function impaired. leg pain, paralysis, saddle anesthesea noted

Question 3

what is spondylosis

Answer 3

deg changes occuring in disk, frequently C5-6 with osteophytes and disk narrowing. later facet joints and luschka are affected.

Question 4

sx of spondylosis

Answer 4

paresthesias and numbness in fingers. pain increases with extension and decreases with flexion of the neck

maybe long tract signs-babinski and gait disturbance (from compression by central disk protrusion or osteophyte)

Question 5

Kienbock’s disease

Answer 5

osteonecrosis of lunate (OA of wrist)

Question 6

OA features

Answer 6

heberdens(DIP) and Bouchards

Question 7

RA features

Answer 7

PIP, soft tissue swelling, MCP joints

Question 8

organism of a human bite

Answer 8

eikenella corrodens

Question 9

xray shows a ground glass appearance of proximal pole

Answer 9

scaphoid fx

Question 10

unilateral low back and buttock pain that gets worse with standing in one position

Answer 10

sacroiliac joint involvement

Question 11

spinal stenosis symptom

Answer 11

worse with walking and relieved by leaning forward

Question 12

what are mckenzie exercises for

Answer 12

for disk derangement

Question 13

possible underlying causes of scoliosis

Answer 13

upper or lower motor neuron disease, myopathies

Question 14

what is the most common spinal deformity

Answer 14

idiopathic adolescent scoliosis

Question 15

most common types of scoliosis

Answer 15

right thoracic(T7-T8) then double major(right thoracic and left lumbar)

Question 16

PE findings for scoliosis

Answer 16

asymmetry of shoulder/iliac height/scapulars, flank crease with bending…showing right thoracic and left lumbar prominence

Question 17

what kinds of scoliosis curves are less likely to progress to other curves

Answer 17

curves less then 20 degrees, diagnosed less then 2 years post menarche, and risser stage 2-4

Question 18

what is cobb’s method

Answer 18

measurement is perpendicular to the end plate of the most tilted vertebra for scoliosis, worry if it is over 15%

Question 19

scoliosis treatment

Answer 19

10-15 degree curves: 6-12 mnth follow up. 15-20 degree curves need serial xrays every 4 mnths for large curves and 6-8 months for smaller curves

over 20 degrees: see specialist

Question 20

kyphosis

Answer 20

increased CONVEX curvature of thoracic spine; 1/3 present with scoliosis. (robins back)

Question 21

scheuermann’s disease

Answer 21

juvenile kyphosis, idiopathic osteochondrosis of the thoracic spine

Question 22

pott’s disease

Answer 22

TB of spine d/t extrapulmonary lesion(kyphosis)

Question 23

kyphosis dx and tx

Answer 23

standing lateral film definitive

45-60 degree curves should be observed every 3-4mnths and do exercises. curves 60 degrees needs a milwaukee brace.

Question 24

what is central spinal stenosis

Answer 24

compression of the thecal sac, can be idiopathic or developmental

Question 25

what is lateral spinal stenosis

Answer 25

impingement of nerve root lateral to thecal sac.

Question 26

spinal stenosis more common in who

Answer 26

men. symptomatic in late middle age

Question 27

spinal stenosis dx

Answer 27

xray, plain CT, postmyelographic CT, MRI

Question 28

hip contractures, fixed cervical, thoracic, lumbar hyperkyphosis

Answer 28

ankylosing spondylitis

Question 29

extra-articular manisfestations of ankylosing spondylitis

Answer 29

uveitis, hrt abnormalities, and interstitial lung disease

Question 30

Labs in ankylosis spondylitis

Answer 30

elevated CRP and ESR; 90% whites and 50% blacks will have positive HLA-B27

Question 31

best tx for ankylosing spondylitis

Answer 31

swimming

Question 32

whiplash

mechanism

duration of pain

tx

Answer 32

rapid extension then flexion

pain can last 18 months or longer

soft, cervical collar 2-3 days, ice/heat, analgesics, gentle ROM

Question 33

if a spinal curve is a result of faulty posture…

Answer 33

it will disappear with spinal flexion

Question 34

kyphosis with

multiple vertebra

single vertebra

Answer 34

round back if multiple

angular curve if 1

Question 35

excessive lumbar lordosis common when

Answer 35

in kyphosis