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PA 5210 - Clinical Anatomy > Back > Flashcards

Back Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the vertebral column

A
  1. Protection
  2. Support (the axial skeleton)
  3. Posture and locomotion
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2
Q

Limit vertebral column movements

A
  1. IV discs
  2. Facets
  3. Ligament flava, posterior longitudinal ligament
  4. Thoracic cage attachments
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3
Q

Extrinsic back muscles - Innervation

A

ventral rami - because responsible for limb movement

Trapezius is the exception

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4
Q

Superficial Extrinsic Back Muscles

A
  • Trapezius
  • Latissimus dorsi
  • levator scapulae
  • rhomboid: major and minor
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5
Q

Intermediate Extrinsic Back Muscles

A

-Serratus posterior superior
-Serratus posterior inferior
function as superficial respiratory (proprioceptive) muscles

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6
Q

Trapezius - actions

A

(superior and inferior fibers) cause superior rotation of scapula.
elevation, depression, retraction of scapula.

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7
Q

Latissimus Dorsi - actions

A

Extends, adducts, medial rotation of shoulder joint.

Swimmers’ muscle.

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8
Q

Lattissimus Dorsi - innervation

A

Thoracodorsal Nerve (C6, C7, C8)

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9
Q

Lattissimus Dorsi - irrigation

A

Thoracodorsal artery

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10
Q

Rhomboids - action

A

Inferior rotation of scapula

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11
Q

Levator scapulae - action

A

Elevates scapula

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12
Q

Levator scapulae - innervation

A

Dorsal scapular nerve (C5)

Cervical Spinal nerve (C3-C4)

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13
Q

Levator scapulae - irrigation

A

Dorsal scapular artery

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14
Q

Rhomboids - innervation

A

Dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5)

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15
Q

Trapezius - innervation

A

Cranial nerve XI

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16
Q

Deep intrinsic back muscles

A

Actions: maintain posture, control movement of vertebral column
Innervation: Posterior (Dorsal) Rami Spinal Nerves

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17
Q

Cervical Movements

A

Flexion, Extension, Lateral flexion, rotation

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18
Q

Superficial Intrinsic Back Muscles

A

Splenius (Capitis, Cervicis)

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19
Q

Splenius (Capitis, Cervicis) - actions

A

alone: laterally flex neck, rotate head
together: extend head and neck

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20
Q

Splenius Capitis - insertions

A

Spinous process C7-T4, mastoid process occipital bone

21
Q

Splenius Cervicis - insertions

A

Spinous processes T3-T6, Transverse processes C1-C3

22
Q

Intermediate Intrinsic Back Muscles

A

Erector Spinae (Iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis)

23
Q

Erector Spinae - actions

A

Chief Extensors of Vertebral Column
Bilaterally- Extend vertebral column and head
Unilaterally- Laterally flex vertebra column

24
Q

Erector Spinae muscles

A

Iliocostalis (lateral)
Longissimus (intermediate)
Spinalis (medial)

25
Q

Transversospinalis Muscles

A

EXTENSION, ROTATION
Semispinalis (Capitis, cervicis, thoracis)
Multifidus
Rotatores

26
Q

Semispinalis - actions

A

(Capitis, Cervicis, Thoracis)

Extend head, thorax and cervical region

27
Q

Multifidus - action

A

Thickest in the lumbar region; stabilizes vertebrae

28
Q

Rotatores

A

Thoracic region: Stabilizes vertebrae

29
Q

Minor Deep Intrinsic Back Muscles

A

Interspinalis
Intertransversarii
Levatores Costarum

30
Q

Interspinalis

A

Innervation: Posterior Rami Spinal Nerve
Action: aid in extension and rotation VC

31
Q

Intertransversarii

A

Innervation: Anterior AND Posterior Rami Spinal Nerve
Action: aid in lateral flexion, bi-laterally stabilize VC

32
Q

Levatores Costarum

A

Innervation: Posterior Rami Spinal Nerve
Actions: Elevate ribs, assist respiration, aid lateral flexion

33
Q

Joints of the Vertebral Column

A
  1. Vertebral body joints - IV discs
  2. Vertebral arches joints - facet joints, uncovertebral joints
  3. Craniovertebral joints - Atlanto-axial, Atlanto-occipital
  4. Sacroiliac joints
34
Q

Intervetebral discs

A

Symphyses, named for adjacent vertebrae

No discs between C1 and C2 (dens instead) or within saccrum/ coccyx

35
Q

Annulus fibrosus

A

alternating laminae of fibrocartilage (of the IV discs)

36
Q

Nucleus pulposus

A

Hydrophilic, jelly-like center of IV discs.

37
Q

Facet (zygopophysial) joints

A

Synovial joints, surrounded by facet capsulary ligament
Innervated: articular branches from medial branches of dorsal rami spinal nerves- have sensory component
bone spurs occur in these joints- will manifest as pain in diff dermatomes innervated by those spinal nerves

38
Q

Limit spinal flexion

A

Ligamentum flavum
Posterior longitudinal ligament
Supraspinous and interspinous ligaments

39
Q

Limit spinal extension

A

anterior longitudinal ligament

40
Q

Limiting lateral bending

A

Intertransverse Ligaments

41
Q

Craniovertebral joints

A

One median atlantoaxial joint, two lateral

42
Q

Sacroiliac Joints

A

primary joints of the pelvis; weight-bearing function

43
Q

Sprain

A

ONLY ligaments/attachments to bones are involved

NO dislocation/ joint instability

44
Q

Strain

A

Stretching/ muscle microtear
Erector spinae muscles
Most common cause of back pain

45
Q

Suboccipital region muscles

A
  1. Obliquus capitis inferior (no attachment to cranium)
  2. Obliquus capitis superior
  3. Rectus capitis posterior major
  4. Rectus capitis posterior minor
46
Q

Suboccipital region muscles - actions

A

Extend head on C1, rotate head and C1 on C2

Stabilize and control fine movements

47
Q

Suboccipital region muslces - innervation

A

suboccipital nerve (posterior ramus C1)

48
Q

Suboccipital region muscles - insertions

A
  1. OC inferior- spinous process of c2 - transverse process C1
  2. OC superior - transverse process C1 - occipital bone
  3. RCP major - spinous process c2 - occipital bone
  4. RCP minor - c1 - occipital
49
Q

Suboccipital triangle - irrigation

A

Vertebral artery

PA 5210 - Clinical Anatomy (4 decks)

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