Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PA 5210 - Clinical Anatomy > Abd and peritoneum > Flashcards

Abd and peritoneum Flashcards

1
Q

Site of inguinal hernia

A

above inguinal ligament

also site for passage of spermatic cord in males and round ligament of uterus in female

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Site of femoral hernia

A

below inguinal ligament

also the site for passage of femoral artery, vein, nerve, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

External abdominal oblique m. - origins

A

Superficial aspects of lower 8 ribs

Iliac crest, linea alba, pubic tubercle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Internal abdominal oblique m - origins

A
  • Thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament

- Costal cartilages of last 3-4 ribs, linea alba, pubic crest, pecten pubis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Transversus abdominis - origins

A
  • Internal aspects of lower 6 costa cartilages, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest and inguinal ligament
  • Linea alba, pubic crest, pecten pubis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Rectus abdominis m. - origins

A
  • Pubic symphysis, pubic crest

- Anterior aspect of xiphoid process, ant aspects of costal cartilages 5-7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Tendinous intersections

A

Separations in the Rectus abdominis m.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Arcuate Line

A

Above: Posterior rectus sheath (transversus abdominis and Internal abdominal oblique tendons)
Below: No posterior rectus sheath!; just transversalis fascia. All 3 tendons jump on front of muscle (with external abdominal oblique).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

“Little Pilot”

A

Gubernaculum; aids in the descent of the gonads.

-becomes round ligament of uterus in females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Spermatic cord covering - layers

A
  • Extermal spermatic fascia (continuation of external abdominal oblique fascia)
  • Cremaster muscle & fascia (from internal abdominal oblique fascia)
  • Internal spermatic fascia (transversalis fascia)
  • Tunica vaginalis (peritoneum)

Transversus abdominis doesn’t contribute.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

75% of Anterior Abdominal Hernias

A

Superficial Inguinal ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Direct Inguinal Hernia

A
  • Pass directly through superficial ring
  • Medial to inferior epigastric artery
  • 25% of all hernias (1/3 of inguinal hernias)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Indirect Inguinal Hernia

A
  • Passes through deep ring, inguinal canal, superficial ring
  • Lateral to inferior epigastric artery
  • 50% of all hernias; 7x more likely in males
  • Can be congenital
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Horizontal planes

A

a. Subcostal - L3

b. Transtubercular (between two tubercles on iliac crest) - L5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Vertical planes

A

c. Midclavicular/midinguinal (linea semilunaris)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What lies in the peritoneal cavity?

A

Nothing! (except serous fluid.

visceral peritoneum in contact with organs, parietal layer towards body wall.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Mesentery

A

Double layer of peritoneum

  • often called “ligaments”
  • Carry arteries, veins, nerves and/or lymphatics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Omentum

A

Double layer of peritoneum joining two viscera (usually associated with stomach and duodenum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Intraperitoneal structure

A

Abdominal structure suspended by a mesentery.
They do NOT lie inside the peritoneal cavity
Ex: stomach, spleen, jejunum, ileum, transverse colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Retroperitoneal structure

A

Abdominal structure not suspended by a mesentery - behind peritoneum.

Primary was not suspended by a mesentery earlier in development.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Secondary Retroperitoneal Structure

A

An abdominal structure suspended by a mesentery earlier in development
Ex: pancrease, ascending and descending colon.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Peritoneal Sacs

A 
Lesser = behind stomach & liver, lesser omentum, greater omentum
Greater = everywhere else

Connected by epiploic foramen (Foramen of Winslow)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Esophageal Constriction -Junction of Pharynx & esophagus (Cervical)

A

Vertebral Level = C6

Structures assoc = Cricopharyngeus m., clinically: upper esophageal sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Esophageal Constriction - Aortic Arch

A

Vertebral Level = T5

Structures assoc = Sternal angle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Esophageal Constriction - Left Main Bronchus

A

Vert Level = T5-T6

Structures assoc = Tracheal bifurcation

26
Q

Esophageal Constriction - Left atrium

A

Vert Level = T6-T7

Struct assoc = Heart

27
Q

Esophageal Constriction - Hiatus

A

Vert Level = T10

Structures Assoc = Diaphragm: Lower esoph sphincter, phrenicoesophageal ligament, z line

28
Q

Hiatal Hernia

A

Protrusion of stomach into mediastinum via esophageal hiatus.
Caused by weakened muscular part of diaphragm, widening of hiatus

29
Q

Paraesophageal Hernia

A
  • Less common
  • Cardia remains in position
  • NO REGURGITATION
30
Q

Sliding Hiatal Hernia

A
  • MOST COMMON!
  • Abdominal part of esophagus, cardia, and parts of fundus slide superiorly
  • Regurgitation: claming of right crus.
31
Q

Upper Esophagus

A

A: Inferior Thyroid A.
V: Inferior Thyroid V.
L: Cervical and Jugular Trunks

32
Q

Middle Esophagus

A

A: Descending Aorta
V: Azygos System (SYSTEMIC system)
L: Bronchomediastinal Trunks

33
Q

Lower Esophagus

A

A: Left gastric & Left inferior phrenic A.
V: Left gastric V. (PORTAL system)
L: Superior diaphragmatic nodes, left gastric & celiac

34
Q

Esophageal Innervation

A

-Anterior & Posterior Vagal Trunks - GVE to smooth muscle fibers
-Thoracic Sympathetic Trunks - Greater Splanchnic N: T5-T9 ; GVA (pain)
Celiac ganglion

35
Q

GERD

A

Incompetent lower esophageal sphincter

36
Q

Achalasia

A

Smooth m. sphincter fails to relax; difficulty swallowing

- similar to “Hirschsprung’s Disease” - absence of terminal parasymp. ganglia

37
Q

Regions of the Stomach

A

Cardia, Cardial notch/orifice, Fundus, Body, Pyloric Area (pyloric antrum, pyloric canal), lesser curvature, greater curvature

38
Q

Z-line

A

Change esophageal to gastric mucosa

-esophagogastric junction: T11

39
Q

Lesser Omentum

A
  • lesser curvature
  • Gastrohepatic Ligament
  • Hepatoduodenal Ligament
  • Gastric Arteries (Left from celiac trunk and RIght from common hepatic)
40
Q

Greater Omentum

A
  • Greater Curvature
  • Gastrophrenic Ligament
  • Gastrosplenic Ligament
  • Gastrocolic Ligament
  • Gastro-omental arteries (Left from splenic, right from gastroduodenal), short gastric (From splenic)
41
Q

Branches of Celiac Trunk (T12)

A
  1. Left gastric a.
  2. Splenic `a.
  3. Common hepatic a.
42
Q

Stomach - Venous Drainage

A
  • R&L Gastric veins: from hepatic portal vein (left gastric anastomoses w/ esophageal)
  • Short Gastric & Left Gastro-omental Veins (from Splenic V)
  • Right Gastro-omental (superior mesenteric V)
43
Q

Hepatic Portal Vein

A

= Splenic Vein + Superior Mesenteric Vein

44
Q

Stomach Nerves - Sympathetic

A
  • T6-T9
  • Via Greater Splanchnic Nerve
  • -Celiac plexus: inhibit gastric juices/ decrease motility, contract pyloric sphincter
  • GVA (visceral sensory: pain)
45
Q

Stomach Nerves - Parasympathetic

A

-Anterior & Posterior Vagal Trunk

46
Q

Spleen - borders

A

Anterior: Stomach
Posterior: Diaphragm
Inferior: Splenic flexus (L. colic)
Medial: Left kidney

At rib levels: T9-T11

47
Q

Spleen - Irrigation

A
  • Splenic artery

- tributary v –> splenic vein + IMV + SMV –> portal vein

48
Q

Spleen - Innervation

A

Celiac plexus (Sympathetic): vasomotor

49
Q

Spleen - Lymphatic

A

Splenic (LN hilum) –> pancreaticosplenic LN –> celiac t

50
Q

Subphrenic Recess

A

Between diaphragm and anterior & superior aspects of diaphragmatic surface of liver

51
Q

Hepatorenal Recess

A
  • Morison’s Pouch
  • Between liver and kidney + adrenal gland
  • communicates anteriorly with subphrenic recess
  • Potential space for infections hiding; esp if gallbladder bursts
52
Q

Portal Triad: Porta Hepatis

A
  • Hepatic artery (ant L)
  • Bile duct (ant R)
  • Portal vein (post)
  • -> Hepatoduodenal Ligament - from liver to first 2cm of 1st part of duodenum
  • in Lesser Omentum (sac)
53
Q

Functional (Portal) Lobes

A
  • Caudate Lobe (Seg I)
  • Left Lobe (Seg II-IV)
  • Right Lobe (Seg V-VIII)

each segment is supplied by 3ry branches of hepatic vessels and ducts - can remove one and still have functioning liver

54
Q

Liver - Irrigation

A
  • Hepatic artery (blood from aorta)
  • Celiac trunk (T12-L1); common hepatic a, proper hepatic a, R&L hepatic a.

Portal Vein (splenic, SMV)

55
Q

Liver - Innervation

A

Hepatic Nerve Plexus

  • Celiac plexus (sympathetic fibers; GVE, GVA)
  • Vagal trunks (parasympathetic)
56
Q

Gallbladder - Irrigation

A

Cystic A

Portal V

57
Q

Cystohepatic Triangle (Calot’s)

A

Borders:

  • Liver
  • Cystic duct
  • Common hepatic duct
58
Q

Gallbladder - Innervation

A
  • Celiac plexus (sympathetic; visc afferent/pain)
  • Vagus (parasympathetic)
  • Right Phrenic N (somatic afferent/sensory fibers)
59
Q

Penetrating Ulcer/Erosion

A

Arterial erosion:

  • posterior stomach wall: splenic artery
  • lesser curvature: L gastric a.
  • wall of 1st part duodenum: gastroduodenal a
60
Q

Subphrenic abscesses

A
  • Localized
  • Ruptured appendices
  • perforated duodenal ulcers
61
Q

Hepatomegaly

A
  • A rise in central venous pressure directly impacts the liver: enlarges and engorges
  • Causes: CHF, bacterial disease, viral disease, tumors

PA 5210 - Clinical Anatomy (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions