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Question 0

Lumbosacral angle

Answer 0

Located at the junction of the lumbar region of the vertebral column and sacrum.

Question 1

Body of a vertebrae

Answer 1

Small and wider from side to side than anterioposteriorly.

Question 2

Vertebral foramen

Answer 2

Large and triangular. Hole.

Question 3

# of Cervical
# of Thoracic 
# of Lumbar
# of Sacral
# of Coccyx

Answer 3

7 Cervical
12 Thoracic
5 Lumbar
5 Sacral
4 Coccyx

Question 4

Causes of Scoliosis

Answer 4

Asymmetric weakness of the intrinsic back muscles (myopathic scoliosis), failure of half of a vertebra to develop (hemivertebra), and a difference in the length of the lower limbs.

Question 5

Vertebral Body

Answer 5

Gives support to the vertebral column and supports body weight

Question 6

Epiphysial rim

Answer 6

Smooth bone surrounding the vertebral body. Cartilage remmants permit some diffusion of fluid between the IV disc and capillaries in the vertebral body.

Question 7

Intervertebral (IV) disks

Answer 7

semirigid disks, before the sacrum

Question 8

Vertebral Arch

Answer 8

lies posterior to the vertebral body and is formed by right and left pedicles and laminae

Question 9

Pedicles

Answer 9

Short, stout processes that join the vertebral arch to meet the vertebral body.

Question 10

Laminae

Answer 10

Two broad flat plates of bone that unite in the midline.

Question 11

Vertebral Canal

Answer 11

Contains the spinal cord, meninges (protective membranes), fat, spinal nerve roots, and vessels.

Question 12

Vertebral notches

Answer 12

Indentations formed by the projection of the body and articular processes superior and inferior to the pedicles

Question 13

IV foramina

Answer 13

Superior and inferior vertebral notches of adjacent vertebrae combine

Question 14

Spinous process

Answer 14

Projects posteriorly (and usually inferiorly) from the vertebral arch at the junction of the laminae

Question 15

Transverse processes (2)

Answer 15

project posteriolaterally from the junctions of the pedicles and laminae.

Question 16

Articular processes (4)

Answer 16

two superior and two inferior-also arise from the junctions of the pedicles and laminae, each bearing an articular surface (facet).

Question 17

Medial Attachment of the Trapezius

Answer 17

Medal third of superior nuchal line, external occipital notch, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T12 vertebrae

Question 18

Lateral Attachment of the Trapezius

Answer 18

Lateral third of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula

Question 19

Innervation of the Trapezius

Answer 19

Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI; motor fibers) and C3, C4 spinal nerves

Question 20

Main Action of the Trapezius

Answer 20

Descending part elevates, ascending part depresses and middle part, retracts scapula. Descending and ascending parts act together to rotate glenoid cavity superiorly

Question 21

Medial attachment of the Latissimus Dorsi

Answer 21

Spinous processes of inferior six thoracic vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and inferior three or four ribs.

Question 22

Lateral Attachment of the Latissimus Dorsi

Answer 22

Floor of intertubercular groove of humerus

Question 23

Innervation

Answer 23

Thoracodoral nerve (C6, C7 through C8)

Question 24

Main action of Latissimus Dorsi

Answer 24

Extends, adducts, and medially rotates shoulder joint; raises body toward arms during climbing

Question 25

Medial attachment of Levator Scapulae

Answer 25

Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae

Question 26

Lateral attachment of Levator scapulae

Answer 26

medial border of scapula superior to root of spine

Question 27

Innervation of Levator scapulae

Answer 27

Dorsal scapular (C5) and cervical (C3, C4) spinal nerves

Question 28

Main actions of levator scapulae

Answer 28

Elevates scapula and tilts its glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula

Question 29

Medial attachment of rhombiod minor and major

Answer 29

Minor: nuchal ligament; spinous processes of C7 and T1 vertebrae. Major: Spinous processes of T2-T5 vertebrae

Question 30

Lateral Attachment of Rhombiod minor and major

Answer 30

Minor: triangular area at medial end of scapular spine Major: medial border of scapula from level of spine to inferior angle

Question 31

Innervation of rhomboid major and minor

Answer 31

Dorsal scapular nerve (C4 to C5)

Question 32

Main actions of rhombiod minor and major

Answer 32

Retract scapula and rotate it to depress glenoid cavity; fix scapula to thoracic wall

Question 33

Proximal attachment of the deltoid

Answer 33

Lateral third of clavicle; acromion and spine of scapula

Question 34

Distal attachment of the deltoid

Answer 34

deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Question 35

Innervation of Deltoid

Answer 35

Axillary nerve (C5, C6)

Question 36

Main actions of deltoid

Answer 36

Clavicular (anterior) part flexes and medially rotates shoulder joint; acromial (middle) part abducts shoulder joint; spinal (posterior) part extends and laterally rotates shoulder joint.

Question 37

Proximal attachment of supraspinatus

Answer 37

Supraspinous fossa of scapula

Question 38

Proximal attachment of infraspinatus

Answer 38

infraspinous fossa of scapula

Question 39

Proximal attachment of teres minor

Answer 39

Middle part of lateral border of scapula

Question 40

Teres major

Answer 40

Inferior part of lateral border of scapula and posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula

Question 41

Proximal attachment of subscapularis

Answer 41

Subscapular fossa (most of anterior surface of scapula)

Question 42

Distal attachment of Supraspinatus

Answer 42

Superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

Question 43

Distal attachment of Infraspinatus

Answer 43

Middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus

Question 44

Distal attachment of Teres minor

Answer 44

Inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

Question 45

Distal attachment of teres major

Answer 45

Medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Question 46

Distal attachment of subscapularis

Answer 46

Lesser tubercle of humerus

Question 47

Innervation of Supraspinatus

Answer 47

Supurscapular nerve (C4, C5, C6)

Question 48

Innervation of infraspinatus

Answer 48

Suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)

Question 49

Innervation of teres minor

Answer 49

Axillary nerve (C5, C6)

Question 50

Innervation of teres major

Answer 50

Lower subscapular nerve (C5, C6)

Question 51

Innervation of subscapularis

Answer 51

Upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5, C6, C7)

Question 52

Main action of supraspinatus

Answer 52

Initiates and assists deltiod in abduction of shoulder joint and acts with other rotation cuff muscles.

Question 53

Main action of infraspinatus

Answer 53

Laterally rotate shoulder joint; help hold humeral head in glenoid cavity of scapula

Question 54

Main action of teres minor

Answer 54

Laterally rotate shoulder joint; help hold humeral head in glenoid cavity of scapula

Question 55

Main action of teres major

Answer 55

Adducts and medially rotates shoulder joint

Question 56

Main action of Subscapularis

Answer 56

Medially rotates and adducts shoulder joint; helps hold humeral head in glenoid cavity

Question 57

Proximal Attachment of Pectoralis major

Answer 57

Clavicular head and the sternocostal head. The first six costal cartilages

Question 58

Distal Attachment of Pectoralis major

Answer 58

Lateral lip of the groove along the humerus (sulcus)

Question 59

Main actions of the pectoralis major

Answer 59

Adducts and medially rotates shoulder joint, draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly. Clavicular head flexes shoulder joint and sternocostal head extends it.

Question 60

Proximal Attachment of Pectoralis minor

Answer 60

3rd-5th rids near the costal cartilage

Question 61

Distal Attachment of the pectoralis minor

Answer 61

Medial border of the coracoid process of the scapula

Question 62

Innervation of the Pectoralis minor

Answer 62

Medial pectoral nerve

Question 63

Innervation of the Pectoralis major

Answer 63

Lateral and medial pectoral nerves, clavicular head, sternocostal head

Question 64

Main Actions of the pectoralis minor

Answer 64

Stabilizes scapula

Question 65

Proximal Attachment of the subclavius

Answer 65

1st rib costal cartilage

Question 66

Distal attachment of the subclavius

Answer 66

Middle third of clavicle

Question 67

Innervation of subclavius

Answer 67

subclavian nerve

Question 68

main action of subclavius

Answer 68

anchors and depresses clavicle

Question 69

proximal attachment of serratus anterior

Answer 69

external surfaces of 1st-8th ribs

Question 70

distal attachment of serratus anterior

Answer 70

anterior surface of medial border of scapula

Question 71

innervation of serratus anterior

Answer 71

long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7)

Question 72

Main actions of the serratus anterior

Answer 72

protracts scapula and rotates it. Holds the scapula against the thoracic wall.

Question 73

Splenius origin

Answer 73

Nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7-T6 vertebrae

Question 74

Splenius Insertion

Answer 74

Capitis: Superolaterally to mastoid process of temporal bone and occipital bone

Question 75

Splenius nerve supply

Answer 75

Posterior rami of spinal nerves

Question 76

Splenius Action

Answer 76

Extend the head and neck. Alone it flexes and rotates the head from side to side

Question 77

Illiocostalis, Longissimus and Spinalis Origins

Answer 77

Posterior part of iliac crest and sacrum

Question 78

Illiocostalis, Longissimus and Spinalis Insertions

Answer 78

Illiocostalis: FINISH THIS

Question 79

Illiocostalis, Longissimus and Spinalis Nerve Supply

Answer 79

Posterior Rami of Spinal Nerves

Question 80

Illiocostalis, Longissimus and Spinalis Main Actions

Answer 80

Extend vertebral column and head. Flex vertebral column when working alone.