B9. Respiration Flashcards
What is the primary purpose of respiration in living organisms?
The primary purpose of respiration is to release energy from glucose molecules for cellular processes.
Which organelle is the site of respiration?
The mitochondria are the site respiration.
What type of reaction is respiration?
It is an exothermic reaction - this means the reaction releases energy.
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + Oxygen —> Carbon dioxide + Water vapour + Energy
What is the chemical equation for aerobic respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 —> 6CO2 + 6H2O
Why do our bodies need energy?
- For growth
- For movement
- Muscle contraction
- Control of body temperature
What is anaerobic respiration?
During vigorous exercise anaerobic respiration can occur without oxygen. Glucose is NOT fully broken down releasing only a small amount of ATP energy.
State the word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals.
Glucose —> Lactic acid
State the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plant and yeast cells.
Glucose —> Ethanol + Carbon dioxide
What is oxygen debt?
Oxygen debt is the amount of extra oxygen the body needs after (anaerobic) exercise to react with the accumulated lactic acid and remove it from the cells.
How is oxygen debt repaid?
After intenese exercise, the person starts panting to take in extra oxygen.
The oxygen reacts with the lactic acid built up in the muscles to fully break it down.
Blood flowing throught the muscles also transports lactic acid to the liver where it is converted back into glucose.
Name 2 factors that would affect the rate of respiration.
- Change in temperature
- Change in pH
Explain how (and why) the breathing rate changes during exercise.
During exercise the breathing rate increases.
This is to supply more oxygen to the exercising muscles and to remove excess carbon dioxide being produced.
Explain how (and why) the heart rate changes during exercise.
During exercise the heart rate increases.
This supplies more oxygen to the exercising muscles.
It also supplies more glucose to the exercising muscles.
This ensures a faster rate of respiration.
It also increases the rate of lactic acid removal from the muscles.
Glucose is stored in the muscles in the form of ___________.
Glycogen
Differentiate between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
Aerobic respiration requires oxygen and releases a large amount of energy, while anaerobic respiration doesn’t require oxygen and releases much less energy.
Name one organism that undergoes anaerobic respiration.
Yeast is an example of an organism that undergoes anaerobic respiration, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide as byproducts.
In which organisms is alcoholic fermentation a common form of anaerobic respiration?
Alcoholic fermentation is commonly found in yeast and some bacteria.
What are the products of anaerobic respiration in animals?
In animals, anaerobic respiration produces lactic acid and a small amount of ATP.
Which process occurs when oxygen is unavailable during cellular respiration?
Anaerobic respiration occurs when oxygen is unavailable, leading to the release of a small amount of energy without the use of oxygen.
How many ATP molecules are produced when one glucose molecule if fully broken down in aerobic respiration?
38 ATP
When might lactic acid form in the muscles?
During periods of vigorous exercise, when oxygen is limited in muscle cells.
