B3. Food Nutrients and Enzymes

Question 1

What is the name of the chemicals found in food?

Answer 1

Nutrients

Question 2

What are the 3 types of carbohydrate?

Answer 2

Sugar, starch and fibre

Question 3

What is the function of sugar (carbohydrate)?

Answer 3

Gives us energy

Question 4

What is the function of starch (carbohydrate)?

Answer 4

Gives us energy

Question 5

What is the function of fibre (carbohydrate)?

Answer 5

Prevents constipation

Question 6

What are carbohydrates made up of?

Answer 6

Long chains of simple sugars like glucose

Question 7

What enzyme digests carbohydrates?

Answer 7

Carbohydrase enzyme

Question 8

What is the function of protein in the diet?

Answer 8

Protein is for growth and repair of body tissues

Question 9

What are proteins made up of?

Answer 9

Long chains of amino acids

Question 10

Where is protein digested?

Answer 10

Small intestine and stomach

Question 11

What is the name of the enyzme that digests proteins?

Answer 11

Protease

Question 12

Name 2 food that contain protein.

Answer 12

Eggs, milk, chicken, beans etc

Question 13

What is the function of fats in the diet?

Answer 13

To give us energy and provide insulation

Question 14

What are fats made up of?

Answer 14

1 molecule of glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Question 15

Where are fats digested?

Answer 15

In the small intestine

Question 16

What is the name of the enzyme that breaks down fats?

Answer 16

Lipase

Question 17

What is another name for fats?

Answer 17

Lipids

Question 18

Name 2 types of foods that contains fats.

Answer 18

Cream, butter, oils etc

Question 19

What is the chemical test for starch?

Answer 19

Add iodine (brick-red) solution. If the solution turns blue-black, starch is present.

Question 20

What is the chemical test for sugar?

Answer 20

Add benedicts (blue) solution. Heat gently for 10 minutes. If the solution turns orange, sugar is present.

Question 21

What is the chemical test for fats?

Answer 21

Add ethanol slowly down the side of the tube. A white percipitate indicates fats are present.

Question 22

What is the chemical test for proteins?

Answer 22

Add biuret (blue) solution. If the solution turns violet, protein is present.

Question 23

What are enzymes?

Answer 23

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up the rate of reactions in the body.

Question 24

Where are enzymes made?

Answer 24

Pancreas

Question 25

What is the name of the specific shape of the enzyme that binds the substrate molecule?

Answer 25

Active site

Question 26

What is the name of the molecule the enzyme breaks down?

Answer 26

Substrate molecule.

Question 27

When the enzyme and substrate molecule combine, what is formed?

Answer 27

An enzyme-substrate complex.

Question 28

What is formed after an enzyme substrate complex forms?

Answer 28

Products

Question 29

What is the optimum temperature for enzymes in the body?

Answer 29

37-40 degrees celsius.

Question 30

What part of the digestive system is the last place where enzymes digest food?

Answer 30

Small intestine

Question 31

How do higher temperatures affect enzyme action?

Answer 31

Higher temperature mean the enzyme and substrate molecules have more kinetic energy. This means they will collide more frequently and release more products (up to 40 degrees).

Question 32

When an enzyme changes shape due to changes in temperature and pH, it can no longer fit the substrate molecule. The enzyme is said to be _____________.

Answer 32

Denatured

Question 33

Amylase is an carbohydrase. What is the substrate of amylase?

Answer 33

Starch

Question 34

What is the function of bile?

Answer 34

Bile is a green liquid produced by the liver. Bile neutralises stomach acid and emulsifies fats. This gives a larger surface area for lipase enzyme to act on.

Question 35

What is the formula to calculate the rate of enzyme action.

Answer 35

1/time taken