B9 Respiration Flashcards
What does anaerobic mean
Without oxygen
What does aerobic mean
With oxygen
What does oxidation mean
A reaction with oxygen
What is respiration
A chemical reaction that happens in all living cells which releases energy stored in glucose
Where does aerobic respiration occur
Mitochondria
Why do we need the energy released in respiration
Energy to carry out life functions
Making muscles contract
Regulating body temperature
Mineral ion uptake by active transport
When does aerobic respiration occur
When oxygen is used
Aerobic releases much more energy than anaerobic
When does anaerobic respiration occur
When there is insufficient oxygen available for the complete oxidation of glucose
What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in animals
Glucose = Lactic acid
What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in plants
Glucose = Ethanol + Carbon dioxide
What do we call the anaerobic respiration of yeast
Fermentation
(Used in bread and alcohol)
How does the body react to exercise
Heart rate, breathing rate and volume of each breath increases
This increases the amount of oxygenates blood reaching the muscles
This provides the extra oxygen and glucose needed for respiration in muscle cells to transfer more energy to meet demand
What happens if insufficient oxygen reaches the muscles during exercise
They use anaerobic respiration to transfer energy
The lactic acid produced builds up and causes an oxygen debt and fatigue
When you have finished exercising you breathe deeply to replace the oxygen debt
The lactic acid is broken down by the oxygen you breathe in
What is oxygen debt
The amount of extra oxygen needed to react with lactic acid to remove it from the cells
The blood flow removes the lactic acid and transports it to the liver where it in converted back into glucose
This reaction requires energy, hence the need for extra oxygen
What is metabolism
The sum of all chemical reaction in a cell or in the body of an organism
