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Biology > B1 Cell structure and transport > Flashcards

B1 Cell structure and transport Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a eukaryotic cell

A

Cells with genetic material enclosed in a nucleus

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2
Q

What is a prokaryotic cell

A

dont have a nucleus to enclose genetic material
Contains DNA in loops
Has one larger loop of DNA and a smaller one called am plasmid

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3
Q

What is the cell membrane

A

The border of all types of cells
Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell

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4
Q

What is the nucleus

A

Contains all genetic information
Controls the activities of the cell

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5
Q

What happens in the cytoplasm

A

Most chemical reactions

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6
Q

What happens in the mitochondria

A

Aerobic respiration

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7
Q

What is made in the ribosomes

A

Proteins (protein synthesis)

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8
Q

What are chloroplast

A

Subcellular structures responsible for photosynthesis
Plant cells only

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9
Q

What is the permanent vacuole

A

A subcellular structure filled with cell sap (store of nutrients for the cell)
Plant cells only

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10
Q

What is the cell wall

A

Made from cellulose
Strengthens the cell
Plant cells only

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11
Q

What is DNA

A

Holds genetic information in the cell

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12
Q

What is a plasmid

A

Small loop of DNA
Only found in prokaryotic cells
Allow bacteria to swap gen
etic information

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13
Q

What is a specialised cell

A

A cell with a specific job of or function

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14
Q

What is differentiation

A

The way cells become specialised
Develop new features to help them perform a specific function

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15
Q

What is a tissue

A

A group of cells with similar structures or functions
A tissue is formed when these cells begin to work together

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16
Q

What is an organ

A

Collection of tissues performing a specific function

17
Q

What is an organ system

A

Several organs working together

18
Q

What is a light microscope

A

You can see large subcellular structures like the nucleus but not much else

19
Q

What is the magnification

A

How much the microscope can enlarge the object

20
Q

What is the resolution

A

The measure of the level of detail you can see with a microscope

21
Q

What is an electron microscope

A

Has a much higher magnification and resolution than electron microscope
Essential for discovering the smaller subcellular structures

22
Q

What is diffusion

A

The net movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration
Happens across cell membranes
Does not require energy

23
Q

What is the concentration gradient

A

The difference in concentration of a substance between 2 places
A steeper concentration gradient means there is a bigger difference in concentration

24
Q

What processes in the body work through diffusion

A

Oxygen transported into the blood stream
Carbon dioxide is transported out
How urea moves from cells into the bloodstream

25
Q

What affects the rate of diffusion

A

Steepness of concentration gradient
Temperature (Higher temp= Higher rate of diffusion)
Surface area of membrane

26
Q

Diffusion pathway

A

Distance over which a substance must diffuse

27
Q

What is osmosis

A

The diffusion of water from a dilute to a concentrated solution across a partially permeable mebrane

28
Q

What is active transport

A

The movement of substances against the concentration gradient. Requires energy from respiration

29
Q

Give an example where active transport happens in plants

A

Root hair cells absorb mineral ions from the very dilute solution in the soil

30
Q

Give an example where active transport happens in animals

A

Absorption of sugar from the intestine into the blood

31
Q

What does an exchange surface need to effectively exchange substances with the environment

A

Large surface area
Thin wall/membrane for a short diffusion pathway

32
Q

Where does gas exchange happen in most animals

A

Alveoli in the lungs

33
Q

What is the function of the stomata

A

Control gas exchange in leaves by opening and closing and are involved in loss of water from leaves

34
Q

What are the 4 key parts of the gas exchange system

A

Trachea
Bronchus
Bronchiole
Alveoli

35
Q

What happens in the alveoli

A

Oxygen moves into the blood and carbon dioxide moves out

36
Q

Adaptations of alveoli to maximise gas exchange

A

Large surface area
Thin walls-Short diffusion distance

Biology (11 decks)

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