B9 Cancer Epidemiology Flashcards
Define incidence
the number of new cases of a disease that occur during a specific time period in a defined population
Define prevalence
the number of ongoing cases of disease in a population at a specific point
What is the risk in males and females of developing cancer before the age of 75?
Males - 21%
Females - 17%
What is the risk of dying from cancer before age of 75 for males and females?
Males -13%
Females 9%
What are the top 3 most common cancers worldwide?
- Lung
- Breast
- Bowel/colorectal
What are the top 3 most common cancers in FEMALES?
- Breast
- Lung
- Bowel
What are the top 3 most common cancers in MALES?
- Prostate
- lung
- Bowel
What is meant by (environmental) risk transition?
the process by which traditional communities with associated environmental health issues become more economically developed and experience new health issues. - e.g. developed countries have higher incident of colorectal cancer probably due to diet change
Name some of the reasons why cancer is more prevalent in developed countries
Ageing population due to:
- improvements in medical care
- public health interventions (e.g. vaccination, clean water)
Name the top 3 cancers that have the highest 10yr survival rates
- Testicular cancer
- malignant melanoma
- Prostate
Name the top 3 cancers that have the highest 5yr survival rate
- testicular cancer
- malignant melanoma
- breast cancer
Name the 3 cancers with the lowest 10 yr survival rate
- Pancreatic cancer (lowerst)
- lung cancer
- Brain tumours/oesophageal cancer
what percentage of children diagnosed with childhood cancers are likely to survive more than 5yrs?
85%
Rougley how many cases of childhood cancer are diagnosed in UK each year
~1,400
<1% of total malignancies
What are the 3 most common cancers children get?
- leukaemias
- Brain and CNS tumours
- Lymphomas
