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BMAT Chemistry > B9 Acids and Bases > Flashcards

B9 Acids and Bases Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an acid

A

a substance that can form H+ (aq) ions or that is an H+ donor

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2
Q

List 6 common acids

A 
HCL - hydrochloric
H2SO4 - sulphuric
HN03 - nitric
H2CO3 - carbonic
CH3COOH - ethanoic 
H3PO4 - phosphoric
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3
Q

What is the formula, strength, cation and anion associated with hydrochloric acid

A

HCL
Strong
H+
Cl-

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4
Q

What is the formula, strength, cation and anion associated with sulfuric acid

A

H2SO4
Strong
H+
SO4^2-

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5
Q

What is the formula, strength, cation and anion associated with nitric acid

A

HNO3
Strong
H+
NO3-

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6
Q

What is the formula, strength, cation and anion associated with carbonic acid

A

H2CO3
Weak
H+
CO3^2-

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7
Q

What is the formula, strength, cation and anion associated with ethanoic acid

A

CH3COOH
Weak
H+
CH3COO-

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8
Q

What is the formula, strength, cation and anion associated with phosphoric acid

A

H3PO4
Weak
H+
PO4^3-

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9
Q

What happens if an acid reacts with a metal

A

acid + metal = salt + hydrogen

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10
Q

What happens if an acid reacts with a base

A

acid + base = salt + water

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11
Q

What happens if an acid reacts with a carbonate

A

acid + carbonate = salt + carbon dioxide + water

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12
Q

What happens if HCl reacts with Mg

A

2HCl(aq) + Mg(s) = MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)

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13
Q

What happens if HCl reacts with NaOH

A

HCl + NaOH = NaCl + H20(l)

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14
Q

What happens if HCl reacts with Na2O

A

HCl + Na20 = 2NaCl + H20

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15
Q

What can be a base

A

metal hydroxide / metal oxide

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16
Q

What do we observe when an acid reacts with a metal

A

Metal dissolves > colourless solution. Effervescence is observed.
Colourless, odourless gas evolved extinguishes a lighted splint with a ‘pop’ sound.

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17
Q

What do we observe when an acid reacts with a soluble vs insoluble base

A
  • Insoluble base: (white) solid dissolves to form a (colourless) solution
  • Soluble base: no changes
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18
Q

What do we observe when an acid reacts with a carbonate

A

(white) solid dissolves to form a (colourless) solution.
Effervescence is observed.
Colourless, odourless gas evolved forms white precipitate in limewater.

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19
Q

What happens if HCl reacts with CaCO3

A

2HCl(aq) + CaCO3 (s) → CaCl2 (aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

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20
Q

What is a base

A

a substance that can form OH– (aq) ions or that is an H+ acceptor

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21
Q

What is an alkali

A

a soluble base

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22
Q

What are general examples of bases

A

metal oxides and hydroxides

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23
Q

What are 4 common alkalis

A

sodium hydroxide
potassium hydroxide
calcium hydroxide
aqueous ammonia

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24
Q

What is the formula, strength, cation and anion associated with sodium hydroxide

A

Na0H
Strong
Na+
OH-

25
Q

What is the formula, strength, cation and anion associated with potassium hydroxide

A

KOH
Strong
K+
OH-

26
Q

What is the formula, strength, cation and anion associated with calcium hydroxide

A

Ca(OH)2
Strong
Ca2+
OH-

27
Q

What is the formula, strength, cation and anion associated with aqueous ammonia

A

NH3 (aq) / NH4OH
Weak
NH4+
OH-

28
Q

What is neutralisation

A

The reaction of an acid with a base can lead to neutralisation (a reaction between hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions to produce water)

29
Q

What is the word equation for neutralisation

A

H+ (aq) + OH- (aq) → H2O (l)

30
Q

What type of reaction is a neutralisation reaction

A

exothermic

31
Q

What are oxides

A

compounds of oxygen with another element

32
Q

What are the two types of oxides

A

metallic and non-metallic

33
Q

What are the two types of metal oxides

A

basic oxides

amphoteric oxides

34
Q

What are the two types of non metal oxides

A

acidic oxides

neutral oxides

35
Q

What happens when acidic oxides react with water

A

React with water to form acidic solutions

36
Q

What happens if sulfuric trioxide reacts with water

A

SO3 + H2O → H2SO4

37
Q

What happens if acidic oxides react with bases/alkalis

A

• React with bases and alkalis to form salt and water

38
Q

What happens if sodium hydroxide reacts with carbon dioxide

A

CO2 + 2 NaOH → Na2CO3 + H2O

39
Q

How do basic oxides react with water

A

• React with water to form alkaline solutions

40
Q

How do basic oxides react with acids

A

• React with acids to form salt and water

41
Q

Are all metal oxides basic

A

*All metal oxides are basic except 3 amphoteric oxides

42
Q

What are the three amphoteric oxides

A

zinc oxide, ZnO
lead (II) oxide, PbO
aluminium oxide, Al2O3

43
Q

How do amphoteric oxides react with acids and alkalis

A

• React with both acids and alkalis to form salt and water

44
Q

How do strong acids dissociate and ionise

A

• Strong acids dissociate / ionise completely in solution to give H+ ions.

45
Q

How do weak acids dissociate and ionise

A

• Weak acids dissociate / ionise partially in solution to give H+ ions.

46
Q

How do strong bases dissociate and ionise

A

• Strong bases dissociate / ionise completely in solution to give OH- ions.

47
Q

How do weak bases dissociate and ionise

A

• Weak bases dissociate / ionise partially in solution to give OH- ions.

48
Q

Define strength of a solution

A

extent of ionisation in an acid

fixed

49
Q

Define concentration of a solution

A
  • quantity of acid / alkali (solute) dissolved in the solution
  • can be changed
50
Q

What does pH measure

A

• Measures the acidity & alkalinity of a solution

51
Q

What is the scale of pH

A

1 to1 4

52
Q

What is pH based off of

A

• Based on concentration of H+ or OH- ions

53
Q

What does a change in 1 of the pH scale correspond to

A

a change of 1 on the pH scale corresponds to a change by a factor of 10 in H+ ion concentration.

54
Q

What are three examples of monoprotic acid

A

hydrochloric acid
nitric acid
ethanoic acid

55
Q

What is one example of a diprotic acid

A

sulfuric acid

56
Q

What is one example of a triprotic acid

A

phosphoric (V) acid

57
Q

What can diprotic and triprotic acids form when reacting with bases

A

Diprotic and triprotic acids are able to form more than one type of salts when reacted with bases as they are able to form/donate more than one mole of H+ ions.

58
Q

Write the word equations associated with sulfuric acid + Sodium hydroxide

A

H2SO4 (aq) + NaOH (aq) → NaHSO4 (aq) + H2O (l)

NaHSO4 (aq) + NaOH (aq) → Na2SO4 (aq) + H2O (l)

59
Q

Write the word equations associated with phosphoric acid + Sodium hydroxide

A

H3PO4 (aq) + NaOH (aq) → NaH2PO4 (aq) + H2O (l)

NaH2PO4 (aq) + NaOH (aq) → Na2HPO4 (aq) + H2O (l)

Na2HPO4 (aq) + NaOH (aq) → Na3PO4 (aq) + H2O (l)

BMAT Chemistry (7 decks)

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