B8.058 Prework 2: Thyroid Gland Pathology Flashcards
exogenous goitrogenic agents that cause hypothyroidism
calcium and fluorides in water
foods: cabbage, cassave, cauliflower, brussels sprouts, turnips
endemic cretinism
hypothyroidism in newborns and in infancy, esp in endemic areas (central africa, new guinea)
sporadic cretinism
agenesis or metabolic defects of the thyroid during infancy
iodine deficiency during intrauterine life and in infancy
what is myxedema
connective tissue accumulation in subcutaneous space
- nonpitting
- hard
- NOT fluid (polysaccharides)
clinical presentation of Hashimoto’s
goitrous enlargment of the thyroid gland
midcourse - hyperthyroidism
long standing - hypothyroidism
F:M, 5:1
hashimoto on histo
thyroid gland starts looking like a lymph node
inflammatory cell infiltrate
pathogenesis of Hashimotos
type 2(ish) hypersensitivity IgG autoAb against colloid and thyroid cells + autoreactive T cells
clinical course of inflammatory hypothyroidism conditions
De Quervains & Riedel’s
- may be accompanied by pain in the neck and fever
- initial hyperthyroidism, followed by a transient period of hypothyroidism
- usually recover without treatment
histo of inflammatory hypothyroidism conditions
fibroblasts
lymphocytes
bands of collagen
cause of death in Graves
high output cardiac failure
-increased HR, atria don’t have time to fill
treat with B blockers (propranolol)
gross appearance of a thyroid w Graves
more than 2x normal weight
large, nodular appearing
Graves on histo
white areas where colloid is rapidly reabsorped (resorptive droplets)
this is due to rapid metabolism of colloid to produce T3 and T4
benign thyroid adenoma
solitary, discrete, small nodule (<4 cm)
usually a cold nodule
typically well circumscribed by a pseudocapsule
rarely a hot nodule
follicular adenoma on histo
glandular looking structures, follicular appearance
surrounded by capsule, separated from normal thyroid tissue
DOES NOT infiltrate capsule
epidemiology of papillary carcinoma
most common
70-80% of all malignant thyroid tumors