B8 Flashcards
What is respiration?
A process that releases energy in the form of ATP from the breakdown of organic compounds
What is ATP?
A short term energy store in all cells
What type of reaction is respiration
Exothermic reaction
Where do plants get the glucose required for respiration?
Photosynthesis
Where to animals get the glucose required for respiration?
From the breakdown of carbohydrates that they have ingested
What are the 2 types of respiration?
Aerobic and anaerobic
What is aerobic respiration?
Respiration in the presence of oxygen that forms ATP from the breakdown of glucose
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + Oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
What is anaerobic respiration?
Respiration that takes place without oxygen and forms APT from the breakdown of glucose
When does anaerobic respiration take place?
During vigorous exercise (in animals)
If the soil becomes waterlogged (in plants)
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in muscle cells?
Glucose-> lactic acid (ATP)
What are the symptoms of lactic acid build up ?
Cramp and fatigue
What is the circulatory system ?
Network of organs
Enables the flow of blood around the body
What are the 4 main Components of blood?
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
Plasma
What are the red blood cells also known as ?
Erythrocytes
What is the function of red blood cells ?
Transport oxygen from the lungs to tissues
Transport carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs
What are 3 adaptations of the red blood cells also known which makes it good for their function ?
- Biconcave disk which allows for more diffusion because of the larger surface area
- Small and flexible allowing them to move through the capillaries
- Thin giving a short diffusion distance
What is the function of a white blood cell ?
To provide protection against infection
What are the 2 types of white blood cell ?
Phagocytes
Lymphocytes
What are lymphocytes?
Produce antibodies specific to a pathogen
What are phagocytes?
Digest pathogens
What is the function of platelets?
To form blood clots
How is plasma adapted to its function ?
Plasma contains mainly water which acts as a solvent enabling the transport of material around the body
What are the three main type of blood vessel ?
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins
What is the function of the arteries?
Carry blood away from the heart under high pressure
How are the arteries adapted for there function ?
Narrow lumen
Thick wall
Thick layer of elastic fibres
Smooth inner lining
No valves
What is the function of the veins?
Return blood to the heart under low pressure
How are veins adapted for their function ?
Large lumen
Thin walls
Thin layer of smooth muscle and elastic fibres
Valves
What is the function of capillaries?
Allow exchange of materials at tissues
How are capillaries adapted to their function?
Large surface area
One cell thick wall
Permeable wall
Narrow lumen
What is the pulmonary circuit?
Part of the circulatory system involving the right side of the heart transporting deoxygenated blood to the lungs
What is the systemic circuit?
Part of the circulatory system involving the left side of the heart pumping oxygenated blood to the tissues in the body
Name the 4 chambers of the heart ?
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Right ventricle
Right atrium
What is the pathway of blood around the body ?
Pulmonary vein-left atrium-left ventricle-aorta-body-vena cava-right atrium-right ventricle-pulmonary artery-lungs
What is the function of valves ?
Prevent back flow
What factors affect rate of diffusion?
Diffusion distance
Concentration gradient
Surface area
What is ficks law ?
Rate of diffusion is directly proportional to (surface area x concentration) /thickness of membrane
