B5 Flashcards
What is the category of pathogen for Cholera ?
Bacteria
What are the effects/symptoms of cholera ?
Diarrhoea
How is cholera spread?
Water
What category of pathogen is Tuberculosis?
Bacteria
What are the effects/symptoms of tuberculosis?
Lung damage, coughing
How is tuberculosis spread ?
Airborne
What category of pathogen is chalara ash dieback ?
Fungi
What are the effects/symptoms of chalara ash dieback ?
Leaf loss, bark lesions
How is chalara ask dieback spread ?
Airborne
What category of pathogen is malaria?
Protist
What are the effects/symptoms of malaria?
Damage to blood and liver
How is malaria spread ?
Animal vector (mosquito)
What category of pathogen is HIV?
Virus
What are the effects/symptoms of HIV?
Destroys white blood cells and leads to onset of AIDS
How is HIV spread ?
Body fluids
What category of pathogen is helicobacter ?
Bacteria
What are the effects/symptoms of helicobacter ?
Can lead to stomach ulcers
How is helicobacter spread ?
Oral transmission
What category of pathogen is Ebola ?
Virus
What are the effects/ symptoms of Ebola ?
Causes fever accompanied by severe bleeding
How is Ebola spread ?
Body fluids
What does communicable disease mean?
A disease that can be transmitted
What does non communicable disease mean?
A disease that can’t be transmitted
What is the meaning of Health ?
A state of physical, mental and social wellbeing
What is a pathogen?
A micro organism that causes disease
What do viruses need in order to reproduce?
A host cell
What are the 2 ways in which a virus can reproduce in a host cell ?
Lytic and lysogenic pathways
What are the 4 steps to lytic pathway?
- Using a host cell the virus replicates it’s DNA
- These are assembled to form new virus particles
- Once the host cell is filled with the new virus particles it bursts (this is called lysis)
- the process Is repeated with nearby cells
What are the 3 steps to lysogenic pathways ?
- The virus uses a restriction enzyme to insert its DNA into a host cell (the DNA fragments are called plasmids
- The host cell replicates and the viral DNA is copied in the process
- The lytic cycle begins at this point
What is the pathogen for chlamydia?
Bacteria
How is chlamydia spread?
Sexual contact
What are the symptoms of chlamydia ?
Painful urination and infertility
What are the physical defence systems against disease in pants ?
Waxy cuticle layer
Give an example of the bodies physical defence barrier ?
Skin, blood clotting, respiratory tract
Give an example of the body chemical barriers ?
Tears, saliva/mucus and hydrochloric acid
What are memory lymphocytes?
A response to a foreign antigen
Give an example of a non communicable disease?
Cancer, cardiovascular disease
How is BMI calculated?
BMI = mass in kg / height in m^2
What is an antibiotic?
A substance that kills or inhibits the growth of bacteria
What are the stages or drug development?
Screening for potential drug
Preclinical testing
Clinical trial
Approval be a medical agency
What is a placebo ?
A substance that appears just like the real drug but has no effect on the recipient
