B7 Non Communicable Diseases

Question 1

What is a Non Communicable disease? Give an example [2]

Answer 1

They cannot be transmitted from one person to another, such as heart disease, cancer or arthritis

Question 2

What causes ill health? [1]

Answer 2

One of the following:

Pathogens, diet, stress, life situations/conditions

Question 3

What is a Communicable Disease? Give an example [2]

Answer 3

Infectious diseases that can be passed from one person to another. These are caused by pathogens/microbes

Question 4

Example: coronary heart disease. How is it caused, prevented and treated? [3-5]

Answer 4

• Layers of fat build up inside coronary arteries
• This reduces blood flow and therefore oxygen to the heart
• Stents are used to open up the arteries
• Statins (medicines) are used to reduce blood cholesterol levels which reduces the fatty build-up

Question 5

What are the coronary arteries? [1]

Answer 5

Blood vessels that supply blood to the heart

Question 6

What can be done about heart failure? [2]

Answer 6

A failed heart can be replaced by:

• a donor heart
• biological or mechanical valves

Question 7

How is cancer defined? [2]

Answer 7

Cancer is the uncontrolled growth and division of cells.

Question 8

How can cancer be prevented? [4-6]

Answer 8

Cancer is caused by unhealthy lifestyle factors and genetic factors. These increase the risks of some cancers. for example:

• smoking increases the risk
• being overweight increases the risk
• extended periods of time under UV light (including sunlight)
• being active and exercising reduces the risk
• wearing sunscreen which reduces the UV light absorbed by the skin

Question 9

What is a Tumour? [1]

Answer 9

a (potentially cancerous) lump or growth in a art of the body

Question 10

What is a malignant tumour? [2]

Answer 10

Malignant tumours are cancerous.
the dividing cells ‘invade’ neighbouring tissues and spread throughout the body (travelling through the bloodstream) and form secondary tumours.

Question 11

what is a benign tumour? [2]

Answer 11

Benign tumours are not cancerous. they are growths of abnormal cells in one area of the body and do not invade other cells.

Question 12

How can diseases interact with the body? What are effects on the body? Can diseases cause other conditions? [4]

Answer 12

• a defective immune system can lead to more infections
• viruses can trigger cancer
• pathogens can trigger allergies
• physical ill health can lead to and amplify depression and other mental illness.

Question 13

what are the risks of smoking? [3]

Answer 13

Carbon monoxide is found in cigarettes. It can harm unborn babies.
Increases risk of coronary heart disease.
increases risk of lung disease and lung cancer.

Question 14

what are carcinogens? [1]

Answer 14

Carcinogens increase the risk of getting cancer.

Question 15

what are some effects of not having a good diet, not exercising or being obese? [2]

Answer 15

• Increases the risk of coronary heart disease and high blood pressure.
• Obesity can lead to type 2 diabetes and can increase the risk of cancer.

Question 16

What are the risks of consuming alcohol? [3]

Answer 16

• Damages the liver and carcinogens increase the risk of liver cancer
• affects brain function
• passes to and harms unborn babies.

Question 17

what is ionising radiation and what are the risks of being exposed to it? [2]

Answer 17

Ionising radiation includes
-EM (electromagnetic) waves such as UV rays and Gamma rays
- Radioactive material (elements, waste from power stations)
Ionising radiation can increase the risk of cancers.