B7 Final

Question 1

Define “Population”.

Answer 1

The total number of all the organisms of the same species that live in a particular geographical area.

Question 2

Define “Community”.

Answer 2

A group of 2 or more populations of different species that live in the same geographical area.

Question 3

Define “Competition”

Answer 3

The contest between organisms for resources.

Question 4

What is “interspecific competition”?

Answer 4

Competition between organisms of different species in a community eg between red and grey squirrels.

Question 5

What is “intraspecific competition”?

Answer 5

Competition between organisms of the same species.

Question 6

What three things do plants compete for?

Answer 6

Light, space and water.

Question 7

What three things do animals compete for?

Answer 7

Food, mates and territory.

Question 8

What is an “Abiotic factor”?

Answer 8

Non-living parts of the environment.

Question 9

Give two examples of abiotic factors.

Answer 9

• Light intensity
• Water / Moisture level
• pH of soil
• Mineral content of soil
• Wind intensity
• Wind direction
• Temperature
• Carbon dioxide / Oxygen levels

Question 10

What is a “biotic factor”?

Answer 10

Living parts of the environment.

Question 11

Give 2 examples of biotic factors.

Answer 11

• Predators
• Food / Prey
• Disease
• Competitors

Question 12

What is a structural adaptation?

Answer 12

Physical features that allow an organism to compete eg a polar bear has thick white fur to stay warm and camouflaged.

Question 13

What is a behavioural adaptation?

Answer 13

Specific behaviours that benefit an organism.

Question 14

Define “Ecosystem”.

Answer 14

The interaction of biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.

Question 15

What is an “extremophile”?

Answer 15

An organism that is adapted to live in extreme environments eg polar regions.

Question 16

Describe how a transect can be used to measure whether the distribution of an organism changes in an area.

Answer 16

• Place a line / tape measure along the area.
• Systematically place a quadrat on the line (eg every 1 m)
• Record the numbers of species present

Question 17

Describe how a quadrat could be used to estimate the number of daisies in the playing field.

Answer 17

• Use a pair of random numbers to get 6 sets of coordinates.
• Visit each coordinate and put the quadrat down.
• Count the number of daisies in each quadrat.
• Calculate the mean number of daisies per quadrat.
• Multiply the mean by how many quadrats would fit on the field.

Question 18

What is a “producer”?

Answer 18

An organism that produces its own food and energy by photosynthesis.

Question 19

What is a “consumer”?

Answer 19

Any organism that obtains energy by eating another organism.

Question 20

Name one way in which carbon is removed from the atmosphere.

Answer 20

Photosynthesis

Question 21

Give 2 ways in which carbon is released in to the atmosphere.

Answer 21

• Respiration
• Combustion / Burning

Question 22

How is carbon passed from plants to animals?

Answer 22

Feeding

Question 23

How does carbon in animal biomass (faeces and dead organisms) get returned to the soil?

Answer 23

It is decayed by decomposers (bacteria and fungi)

Question 24

Name the main processes in the water cycle.

Answer 24

• Condensation
• Evaporation
• Precipitation
• Transpiration
• Surface run-off

Question 25

Name the square frames used in sampling.

Answer 25

Quadrats.

Question 26

In what form does carbon exist in the atmosphere?

Answer 26

Carbon Dioxide.

Question 27

What do the arrows in a food chain represent?

Answer 27

The transfer of energy from one organism to the next.

Question 28

What is biodiversity?

Answer 28

Biodiversity is **_a measure of how many different species of organism live in the same geographical location._**

Question 29

Give an example of an area with **low biodiversity**.

Answer 29

Deserts or polar regions

Question 30

Give an example of an area with **high biodiversity**.

Answer 30

Tropical regions, rain forests, woodlands....

Question 31

Give 3 ways in which water can be polluted.

Answer 31

* With **fertilisers** leading to algal blooms and eutrophication * Oil Spills * Sewage * Litter

Question 32

What causes acid rain?

Answer 32

Burning fossil fuels to produce **sulfure dioxide**.

Question 33

What is a landfill site?

Answer 33

A place where household rubbish is taken and buried.

Question 35

Give 4 reasons deforestation happens.

Answer 35

* Resources such as timber * Provide land for herds of cattle * Planting rice crops * Planting crops for biodiesel

Question 36

How does deforestation increase carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere?

Answer 36

* Less carbon dioxide is removed by photosynthesis * Burning trees produces carbon dioxide

Question 37

Give three consequences of global warming.

Answer 37

* Polar ice caps melting * Climate change * Change in migration patterns

Question 38

Give an advantage of using an incinerator over a landfill site.

Answer 38

The thermal energy released can be used to generate electricity.

Question 39

Give a disadvantage of using an incinerator over landfill sites.

Answer 39

Burning produces carbon dioxide.

Question 40

What is captive breeding?

Answer 40

Managing the reproduction of endangered animals eg in zoos.

Question 41

What effect has the removal of hedgerows had on biodiversity?It has decreased.

Question 42

What is peat?

Answer 42

Partially decayed vegetation / plants

Question 43

Why are peat bogs important?

Answer 43

* High biodiversity * Source of fuel

Question 44

Describe and explain 3 adaptations of desert animals.

Answer 44

* Nocturnal to reduce sweating * Large ears to increase heat loss * Large surface area to volume ratio to maximise heat loss * Thin fur / layers of fat

Question 45

Describe and explain 3 adaptations of desert plants.

Answer 45

* Spiked leaves to reducce water loss * Thick stems to store water * Long root systems to maximise water uptake