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AQA Trilogy Science > B7 Final > Flashcards

B7 Final Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define “Population”.

A

The total number of all the organisms of the same species that live in a particular geographical area.

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2
Q

Define “Community”.

A

A group of 2 or more populations of different species that live in the same geographical area.

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3
Q

Define “Competition”

A

The contest between organisms for resources.

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4
Q

What is “interspecific competition”?

A

Competition between organisms of different species in a community eg between red and grey squirrels.

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5
Q

What is “intraspecific competition”?

A

Competition between organisms of the same species.

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6
Q

What three things do plants compete for?

A

Light, space and water.

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7
Q

What three things do animals compete for?

A

Food, mates and territory.

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8
Q

What is an “Abiotic factor”?

A

Non-living parts of the environment.

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9
Q

Give two examples of abiotic factors.

A
  • Light intensity
  • Water / Moisture level
  • pH of soil
  • Mineral content of soil
  • Wind intensity
  • Wind direction
  • Temperature
  • Carbon dioxide / Oxygen levels
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10
Q

What is a “biotic factor”?

A

Living parts of the environment.

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11
Q

Give 2 examples of biotic factors.

A
  • Predators
  • Food / Prey
  • Disease
  • Competitors
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12
Q

What is a structural adaptation?

A

Physical features that allow an organism to compete eg a polar bear has thick white fur to stay warm and camouflaged.

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13
Q

What is a behavioural adaptation?

A

Specific behaviours that benefit an organism.

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14
Q

Define “Ecosystem”.

A

The interaction of biotic and abiotic parts of an environment.

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15
Q

What is an “extremophile”?

A

An organism that is adapted to live in extreme environments eg polar regions.

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16
Q

Describe how a transect can be used to measure whether the distribution of an organism changes in an area.

A
  • Place a line / tape measure along the area.
  • Systematically place a quadrat on the line (eg every 1 m)
  • Record the numbers of species present
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17
Q

Describe how a quadrat could be used to estimate the number of daisies in the playing field.

A
  • Use a pair of random numbers to get 6 sets of coordinates.
  • Visit each coordinate and put the quadrat down.
  • Count the number of daisies in each quadrat.
  • Calculate the mean number of daisies per quadrat.
  • Multiply the mean by how many quadrats would fit on the field.
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18
Q

What is a “producer”?

A

An organism that produces its own food and energy by photosynthesis.

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19
Q

What is a “consumer”?

A

Any organism that obtains energy by eating another organism.

20
Q

Name one way in which carbon is removed from the atmosphere.

A

Photosynthesis

21
Q

Give 2 ways in which carbon is released in to the atmosphere.

A
  • Respiration
  • Combustion / Burning
22
Q

How is carbon passed from plants to animals?

A

Feeding

23
Q

How does carbon in animal biomass (faeces and dead organisms) get returned to the soil?

A

It is decayed by decomposers (bacteria and fungi)

24
Q

Name the main processes in the water cycle.

A
  • Condensation
  • Evaporation
  • Precipitation
  • Transpiration
  • Surface run-off
25
Q

Name the square frames used in sampling.

A

Quadrats.

26
Q

In what form does carbon exist in the atmosphere?

A

Carbon Dioxide.

27
Q

What do the arrows in a food chain represent?

A

The transfer of energy from one organism to the next.

28
Q

What is biodiversity?

A

Biodiversity is a measure of how many different species of organism live in the same geographical location.

29
Q

Give an example of an area with low biodiversity.

A

Deserts or polar regions

30
Q

Give an example of an area with high biodiversity.

A

Tropical regions, rain forests, woodlands….

31
Q

Give 3 ways in which water can be polluted.

A
  • With fertilisers leading to algal blooms and eutrophication
  • Oil Spills
  • Sewage
  • Litter
32
Q

What causes acid rain?

A

Burning fossil fuels to produce sulfure dioxide.

33
Q

What is a landfill site?

A

A place where household rubbish is taken and buried.

34
Q
A
35
Q

Give 4 reasons deforestation happens.

A
  • Resources such as timber
  • Provide land for herds of cattle
  • Planting rice crops
  • Planting crops for biodiesel
36
Q

How does deforestation increase carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere?

A
  • Less carbon dioxide is removed by photosynthesis
  • Burning trees produces carbon dioxide
37
Q

Give three consequences of global warming.

A
  • Polar ice caps melting
  • Climate change
  • Change in migration patterns
38
Q

Give an advantage of using an incinerator over a landfill site.

A

The thermal energy released can be used to generate electricity.

39
Q

Give a disadvantage of using an incinerator over landfill sites.

A

Burning produces carbon dioxide.

40
Q

What is captive breeding?

A

Managing the reproduction of endangered animals eg in zoos.

41
Q

What effect has the removal of hedgerows had on biodiversity?It has decreased.

A
42
Q

What is peat?

A

Partially decayed vegetation / plants

43
Q

Why are peat bogs important?

A
  • High biodiversity
  • Source of fuel
44
Q

Describe and explain 3 adaptations of desert animals.

A
  • Nocturnal to reduce sweating
  • Large ears to increase heat loss
  • Large surface area to volume ratio to maximise heat loss
  • Thin fur / layers of fat
45
Q

Describe and explain 3 adaptations of desert plants.

A
  • Spiked leaves to reducce water loss
  • Thick stems to store water
  • Long root systems to maximise water uptake

AQA Trilogy Science (2 decks)

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