B7-Ecology

Question 1

What is an ecosystem?

Answer 1

The interaction of a community of living organisms with their environment

Question 2

What is a community?

Answer 2

Two or more populations of organisms

Question 3

What is a population?

Answer 3

All of the organisms of the same or closely-related species in an area

Question 4

What is it called when each species relies on other species?

Answer 4

Interdependence

Question 5

What is a stable community?

Answer 5

Where all of the species and environmental factors are in balance so that population sizes remain fairly constant

Question 6

What are different abiotic factors?

Answer 6

• Light intensity
• Temperature
• Moisture levels
• Soil pH and mineral content
• Wind intensity and direction
• Oxygen availability
• Carbon dioxide availability

Question 7

What is not a form of random sampling using quadrats?

Answer 7

Using a transect

Question 8

What do animals compete for?

Answer 8

• Food
• Territory
• Mates
• Water

Question 9

What do plants compete for?

Answer 9

• Light for photosynthesis
• Water for photosynthesis and to keep tissues supported
• Nutrients from the soil
• Space to grow

Question 10

What do structural adaptations mean?

Answer 10

Physical features of the organism that help it survive

Question 11

What do behavioral adaptations mean?

Answer 11

Things that an animal does to help it survive

Question 12

What do functional adaptations mean?

Answer 12

Physiological abilities that the organism has to improve survival

Question 13

What is an extremophile?

Answer 13

A microorganism, especially an archea, that lives in conditions of extreme temperature, acidity, alkilinity of chemical concentration.

Question 14

What are the different trophic levels?

Answer 14

• Producers
• Primary consumers
• Secondary consumers
• Tertiary consumers

Question 15

What organims decompose dead material?

Answer 15

Decomposers and detritivores

Question 16

What are the different aspects of the carbon cycle?

Answer 16

• Photosynthesis
• Respiration
• Combustion

Question 17

What aspects increase the rate of decomposition?

Answer 17

• High temperature (although not too high)
• High moisture
• High oxygen content

Question 18

What is biodiversity?

Answer 18

The measure of the variety of all the different species of organisms within an ecosystem.

Question 19

What is biomass?

Answer 19

The dry mass of biological material in grams

Question 20

What happens to biomass up the trophic levels?

Answer 20

It decreases

Question 21

Where is biomass lost?

Answer 21

• In faeces
• In waste
• In energy usage

Question 22

What are factors affecting food security?

Answer 22

• An increasing birth rate
• Changing diets in developed countries
• New pests and pathogens
• Environmental changes
• Cost of agricultural inputs
• Conflicts

Question 23

What are ways to increase the efficiency of food production?

Answer 23

• Limiting movement
• Controlling surrounding temperatures
• Reducing diseases

Question 24

How is fishing made sustainable?

Answer 24

• Having nets with holes in that are rigid and lit up so younger fish can escape and breed
• Quotas
• No fishing during breeding seasons

Question 25

What is a protein based food using fungi?

Answer 25

Mycoprotien-made from fusarium bacteria by growing it on a glucose syrup in aerobic conditions