B7 Flashcards
Name some risk factors for diseases
- genes you inherit
- smoking, overeating, lack of exercise
- substances from your environment; second hand smoke , uv light from the sun
What is a carcinogen
a substance capable of causing cancer in living tissue.
What is ionising radiation
Ionizing radiation is a type of energy released by atoms that travels in the form of electromagnetic waves (gamma or X-rays)
What are benign tumours
Growth of abnormal cells which are contained in one place and do not invade other parts of the body and stick to one place
What is a Malignant tumour
It is known as cancer and its initial tumour splits which releases small clumps of cells around the body which makes it so dangerous as they can lodge themselves in organs
Name some causes of cancer
- carcinogens= tobacco smoke (asbestos and tar in it)
- ionising radiation (uv lights and x-rays
- virus infections
Name ways to treat cancer
- radiotherapy
- chemotherapy
What is radiotherapy
When cancer cells are destroyed by targeted doses of radiation
What is chemotherapy
When chemicals are used to stop cancer cells from dividing or make them self-destruct
What is nicotine
An addictive drug in tobacco smoke which produces a sensation of calm, well-being.
What is carbon monoxide
Its a poisonous gas in tobacco smoke, after smoking a cigarette up to 10% of the blood will be carrying it instead oxygen which leads to a lack of oxygen
What is tar
A toxic compound in tobacco smoke which cause the lungs to turn from pink to grey, the breakdown of the alveoli and reduces the surface area to volume ratio of the lungs
What is type 2 diabetes
High blood sugar levels which are hard to control
How do people gain type 2 diabetes
Your body doesn’t make enough insulin to control your blood sugar levels pr your cells stop responding to insulin
What can drinking too much alcohol lead to
- Cirrhosis of the liver
- increased risk of liver cancer
- damage to the brain
Name some sources of ionising radiation
- Uv lights from the sun
- radioactive material from the soil, water and air
- x-rays
- accidents in nuclear power stations
