B6.1 : Diet

Question 1

Nutrients

Answer 1

Chemical substances in food that provide a source of energy for the vital activities of the body. They are also necessary for the body to synthesise new protoplasm for cell growth

Question 2

7 Types of Nutrients

Answer 2

1. Carbohydrates
2. Proteins
3. Lipids
4. Water
5. Fibre
6. Vitamins
7. Minerals

Question 3

Carbohydrates

Answer 3

1. Provide energy (primary source)

2. Found in cereals, bread, pasta, rice, and potatoes

Question 4

Fibre

Answer 4

1. Provides roughage to help to keep the food moving through the gut
2. fibre provides bulk, which helps the walls of the intestine move food and faeces along the gut.
3. Lack of dietary fibre can lead to constipation.
4. Found in vegetables and bran

Question 5

Vitamins

Answer 5

1. Needed in small amounts to maintain health
2. Found in dairy foods, fruit, and vegetables
3. organic

Question 6

Protein

Answer 6

1. For growth and repair (form new protoplasm for growth and repair of worn-out cells) - structure of cells
2. Last source of energy
3. Forms enzymes and antibodies
4. Found in fish, meat, eggs, beans, pulses, and dairy products

Question 7

Minerals

Answer 7

1. Needed in small amounts to maintain health
2. Found in salt, milk (for calcium), and liver (for iron)
3. inorganic

Question 8

Fats

Answer 8

1. Provide energy and store energy in the body and insulate it (prevents excessive heat loss)
2. Serves as a second source of energy
3. Found in butter, oil, and nuts

Question 9

Water

Answer 9

1. Needed for cells and body fluids
2. Transports dissolved substances around the body
3. Provides a medium for chemical reactions
4. Found in fruit juice, milk, and water
5. Important as a solvent

Question 10

Balanced Diet

Answer 10

A diet which contains the 7 types of nutrients in the correct proportions and amounts

Question 11

What affects diet

Answer 11

1. Age - the older you are, the less nutrients you need as you have stopped growing
2. Gender - males need to maintain their higher muscle mass
3. Activity level - if you burn more calories, you need to consume more

Question 12

Malnutrition

Answer 12

1. Deficient or excessive intake of nutrients
2. Under-nutrition
3. Over-nutrition

Question 13

Deficiency of vitamin D

Answer 13

1. Rickets in children
2. side effects are legs bow out due to soft bones not being able to support the weight
3. Eat vitamin D found in butter and egg yolk

Question 14

Deficiency of vitamin C

Answer 14

1. Scurvy
2. side effects are joint pain, muscle pain, and bleeding from the gums
3. eat vitamin C found in citrus fruits

Question 15

Deficiency of Iron

Answer 15

1. Anemia
2. there is not enough iron in the red blood cells to carry oxygen
3. can make you feel tired or weak
4. take in iron found in liver

Question 16

Deficiency of calcium

Answer 16

1. brittle bones and teeth
2. poor blood quality
3. drink milk which contains calcium

Question 17

Diet when pregnant

Answer 17

more nutrients and calories for baby

Question 18

diet when breastfeeding

Answer 18

more fat for milk

Question 19

Vitamin C

Answer 19

1. keep tissues in good repair by making collagen

Question 20

Vitamin D

Answer 20

helps absorb calcium

Question 21

calcium

Answer 21

for bones and teeth and blood making

Question 22

iron

Answer 22

making of haemoglobin

Question 23

Deficiency of Protein

Answer 23

1. Kwashiorkor and Marasmus
2. Having a protein or calorie deficiency over a long period
3. Kwashiorkor occurs due to a severe protein deficiency and a carbohydrate-based diet and is often developed in older children
4. Marasmus is more common in younger children and babies
5. chronic diarrhoea, respiratory infections, intellectual disability, and stunted growth are all effects
6. Kwashiorkor causes a buildup of fluid in the body that can cause the face to become round and the belly to become distended.

Question 24

Effect of malnutrition to Starvation

Answer 24

1. Caused by eating too little food

2. leads to weight loss, organ damage, muscle atrophy, and eventually death

Question 25

Deficiency of fibre

Answer 25

1. Constipation

2. leads to pain, stomach ache and inability to defecate (excrete feces)

Question 26

Effect of malnutrition to coronary heart disease

Answer 26

1. caused by a build-up of cholesterol in the coronary artery which limits blood flow to the heart and can cause heart attacks
2. Cholesterol is a result of too much saturated fat in the diet, which comes from foods such as high fat diary products and fatty meats

Question 27

Effect of malnutrition to Obesity

Answer 27

1. caused by eating too much food

2. Leads to a range of health issues including diabetes, high blood pressure, strokes, and heart disease