B6 - Inheritance, Variation And Evolution Flashcards
What is the basic unit of heredity?
Gene
True or False: All mutations are harmful.
False
Fill in the blank: The process by which organisms change over time is called _______.
evolution
What are the two main types of reproduction?
Asexual and sexual reproduction
What is the term for different forms of a gene?
Alleles
True or False: Genetic variation is essential for natural selection.
True
What does the term ‘phenotype’ refer to?
The observable characteristics of an organism
Which scientist is known for the theory of natural selection?
Charles Darwin
Fill in the blank: A _______ is a diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family.
pedigree
What is the role of DNA in inheritance?
DNA carries the genetic information from parents to offspring.
What is a genotype?
The genetic constitution of an organism
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a source of genetic variation? A) Mutation B) Asexual reproduction C) Cloning
A) Mutation
What is a dominant allele?
An allele that expresses its trait even when only one copy is present.
Fill in the blank: The _______ is the physical location of a gene on a chromosome.
locus
What is the difference between asexual and sexual reproduction?
Asexual reproduction involves one parent and produces identical offspring, while sexual reproduction involves two parents and produces genetically diverse offspring.
True or False: Evolution can occur in a single generation.
False
What is the process by which organisms with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce?
Natural selection
What do you call the observable characteristics of an organism that result from the interaction of its genotype with the environment?
Phenotype
Fill in the blank: The study of heredity is known as _______.
genetics
What is the term for a genetic cross that examines the inheritance of a single trait?
Monohybrid cross
Multiple Choice: In a dihybrid cross, how many traits are being studied? A) One B) Two C) Three
B) Two
What is the purpose of a Punnett square?
To predict the possible genotypes of offspring from a genetic cross.
What is selective breeding?
The process of breeding plants or animals for specific genetic traits.
True or False: Evolution is a random process.
False
What are the two types of inherited disorders
Cystic fibrosis and polydactyls
