B4 - Bioenergetics Flashcards
What is bioenergetics?
The study of how energy is produced and used in living organisms.
What is the primary source of energy for plants?
Sunlight.
What process do plants use to convert sunlight into chemical energy?
Photosynthesis.
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2.
True or False: Respiration is the process of breaking down glucose to release energy.
True.
Fill in the blank: The process of respiration occurs in the __________ of cells.
Mitochondria.
What are the two main types of respiration?
Aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
What is aerobic respiration?
Respiration that requires oxygen.
What is anaerobic respiration?
Respiration that occurs without oxygen.
Which type of respiration produces more energy?
Aerobic respiration.
What byproduct is produced during anaerobic respiration in animals?
Lactic acid.
What byproduct is produced during anaerobic respiration in yeast?
Ethanol and carbon dioxide.
True or False: Plants only perform photosynthesis.
False.
What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
It absorbs light energy.
What factors can affect the rate of photosynthesis?
Light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, and temperature.
What is the role of glucose produced in photosynthesis?
It serves as an energy source for growth and metabolism.
Fill in the blank: The energy stored in ATP is released when it is converted to __________.
ADP (adenosine diphosphate).
What is the importance of respiration for living organisms?
It provides energy for cellular processes.
Which gas is a byproduct of aerobic respiration?
Carbon dioxide.
True or False: All living organisms require energy.
True.
What is the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration?
Photosynthesis produces glucose and oxygen, which are used in respiration.
Fill in the blank: During exercise, the body may switch to __________ respiration for energy.
Anaerobic.
What is the effect of increasing temperature on the rate of respiration?
It generally increases the rate to a certain point before it declines.
Which molecule is often referred to as the ‘energy currency’ of the cell?
ATP.
What happens to lactic acid in the body after exercise?
It is converted back to glucose in the liver.
Fill in the blank: The process of converting light energy into chemical energy occurs in the __________.
Chloroplasts.
What is the purpose of the light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis?
To convert solar energy into chemical energy (ATP and NADPH).
What is the role of the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) in photosynthesis?
To use ATP and NADPH to synthesize glucose from carbon dioxide.
Fill in the blank: The energy from glucose is released through the process of __________.
Respiration.
What is the main energy carrier in cells?
ATP.
True or False: Anaerobic respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen.
False.
What happens to the rate of photosynthesis when light intensity increases?
It increases, up to a saturation point.
Fill in the blank: The energy stored in __________ can be used for cellular work.
ATP.
What is the role of oxygen in aerobic respiration?
It acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.
What is the significance of the energy transfer in ecosystems?
It supports life processes and maintains ecological balance.
Fill in the blank: Photosynthesis takes place primarily in the __________ of leaves.
Mesophyll cells.
What is the role of stomata in plants?
They allow gas exchange (CO2 in, O2 out).
True or False: Respiration can occur without photosynthesis.
True.
What is the primary function of the mitochondria?
To produce ATP through respiration.
What is the relationship between energy and metabolism?
Metabolism encompasses all chemical reactions that convert energy for use in the body.
What is respiration
The process of transferring energy from glucose which goes in every cell
