B6 Animal nutrition Flashcards
state what is meant by balanced diet
a diet consisting of different nutrition and providing adequate amount of the nutrients needed for good health
state the importance of carbohydrates
provide energy
state the importance of fats
insulation, hormone production
state the importance of proteins
growth, tissue repair, making enzymes
state the importance of vitamin C
make up skin and hair, growth and repair of tissues, absorbs iron
state the importance of vitamin D
calcium absorption
state the importance of calcium
strong bones and teeth
state the importance of iron
transfer of oxygen by increasing haemoglobin in the red blood cells
state the importance of fibre
movement of food through the digestive system
state the importance of water
digestion, excretion
which nutrition is needed for pregnant women
calcium, vitamin D, and vitamin C
which nutrition is needed while breast feeding
carbohydrates, calcium, iron, vitamins
list the effects of malnutrition (5)
- starvation
- constipation
- coronary heart disease
- obesity
- scurvy
explain the causes and effects of vitamin D deficiency
Vitamin D deficiency can cause loss of bone density and broken bones.
can get it from sunlight and fish
explain the causes and effects of iron deficiency
Without enough iron, your body can’t produce enough of a substance in red blood cells that enables them to carry oxygen (hemoglobin). As a result, iron deficiency anemia may leave you tired and short of breath.
can get if from meats and eggs
explain the causes and effects of kwashiorkor
- lack of protein
- odema
- poor appetite
explain the causes and effects of marasmus
a form of severe malnutrition, when a body isnt taking enough enegry
- poor resistance
- no odema
- lack of protein, fats and carbohydrates
define ingestion
taking of substances into body
define digestion
a breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small soluble molecules, using mechanical and chemical processes
define mechanical digestion
breakdown of molecules to smaller molecules without chemical change into it
define chemical digestion
breakdown of large, insoluble molecules into small soluble moleules
define absorption
movement of digested food molecules through the wall of the intestine to the blood
define assimilation
movement of digested food molecules into the cells of the body where they are used, becoming the past of the cells
define egestion
passing out of food that has not been digested, as faeces, through the anus
mouth function
ingestion of food - mechanical digestion by teeth
stomach function
chemical digestion of protein
pancreas function
chemical digestion of protein fat and starch
duodenum function
first part of small intestine
chemical digestion of protein fats and starch
assimilation
ileum function
second part of small intestine
chemical digestion of maltose and peptide
absorption of digested food molecules
assimilation
colon function
first part of large intestine
absorption of water
rectum function
second part of large intestine
stores faeces
anus function
egestion
incisors
앞니
cutting and biting
canine
송곳니
holding and cutting
premolars
소구치
chewing and crushing
molars
어금니
chewing and crushing
molars
어금니
enamel and dentine structure and function
harder than bones
protection of inner part of the teeth
pulp structure and function
soft tissue containing nerves and blood vessels
detect pain and temperature
gum structure and function
soft tissue surrounding the teeth
protect teeth and bone by keeping them by place
how to take care of teeth (2)
- diet - intake calcium protein, reduce sugar
- regular brushing - remove plaque and food molecules
describe the process of dental decay
- coating of bacteria
- food molecules on teeth
- bacteria respires sugars of the food
- produce acid which dissolves the enamel and dentine
state the function of enzymes (3)
- amylase breaks down starch into simpler sugars
- protease breaks down protein into amino acids
- lipase breaks down fats to fatty acids and glycerol
where does amylase get produced (3)
- salivery gland
- pancreas
- small intestine
where does protease get produced (3)
- stomach
- pancreas
- small intestine
where does lipase get produced (2)
- pancreas
- small intestine
function of HCl (in gastric juice) in stomach (2)
- kill bacteria
- provide optimum pH for enzymes (protease)
function of bile (2)
- emulsifies fat to increase the surface area for the chemical digestion of fat to fatty acids and glycerol by lipase
- neutralizes the acidic mixture to provide a suitable pH for enzyme
function of villi
structure of villi
increase surface area of small intestine
microvillies to increase surface area
lacteal to transport glycerol and fatty acid
capillaries to transport amino acids and glucose
