B6 Animal nutrition

Question 1

state what is meant by balanced diet

Answer 1

a diet consisting of different nutrition and providing adequate amount of the nutrients needed for good health

Question 2

state the importance of carbohydrates

Answer 2

provide energy

Question 3

state the importance of fats

Answer 3

insulation, hormone production

Question 4

state the importance of proteins

Answer 4

growth, tissue repair, making enzymes

Question 5

state the importance of vitamin C

Answer 5

make up skin and hair, growth and repair of tissues, absorbs iron

Question 6

state the importance of vitamin D

Answer 6

calcium absorption

Question 7

state the importance of calcium

Answer 7

strong bones and teeth

Question 8

state the importance of iron

Answer 8

transfer of oxygen by increasing haemoglobin in the red blood cells

Question 9

state the importance of fibre

Answer 9

movement of food through the digestive system

Question 10

state the importance of water

Answer 10

digestion, excretion

Question 11

which nutrition is needed for pregnant women

Answer 11

calcium, vitamin D, and vitamin C

Question 12

which nutrition is needed while breast feeding

Answer 12

carbohydrates, calcium, iron, vitamins

Question 13

list the effects of malnutrition (5)

Answer 13

1. starvation
2. constipation
3. coronary heart disease
4. obesity
5. scurvy

Question 14

explain the causes and effects of vitamin D deficiency

Answer 14

Vitamin D deficiency can cause loss of bone density and broken bones.

can get it from sunlight and fish

Question 15

explain the causes and effects of iron deficiency

Answer 15

Without enough iron, your body can’t produce enough of a substance in red blood cells that enables them to carry oxygen (hemoglobin). As a result, iron deficiency anemia may leave you tired and short of breath.

can get if from meats and eggs

Question 16

explain the causes and effects of kwashiorkor

Answer 16

• lack of protein
• odema
• poor appetite

Question 17

explain the causes and effects of marasmus

Answer 17

a form of severe malnutrition, when a body isnt taking enough enegry

• poor resistance
• no odema
• lack of protein, fats and carbohydrates

Question 18

define ingestion

Answer 18

taking of substances into body

Question 19

define digestion

Answer 19

a breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small soluble molecules, using mechanical and chemical processes

Question 20

define mechanical digestion

Answer 20

breakdown of molecules to smaller molecules without chemical change into it

Question 21

define chemical digestion

Answer 21

breakdown of large, insoluble molecules into small soluble moleules

Question 22

define absorption

Answer 22

movement of digested food molecules through the wall of the intestine to the blood

Question 23

define assimilation

Answer 23

movement of digested food molecules into the cells of the body where they are used, becoming the past of the cells

Question 24

define egestion

Answer 24

passing out of food that has not been digested, as faeces, through the anus

Question 25

mouth function

Answer 25

ingestion of food - mechanical digestion by teeth

Question 26

stomach function

Answer 26

chemical digestion of protein

Question 27

pancreas function

Answer 27

chemical digestion of protein fat and starch

Question 28

duodenum function

Answer 28

first part of small intestine

chemical digestion of protein fats and starch
assimilation

Question 29

ileum function

Answer 29

second part of small intestine

chemical digestion of maltose and peptide
absorption of digested food molecules
assimilation

Question 30

colon function

Answer 30

first part of large intestine

absorption of water

Question 31

rectum function

Answer 31

second part of large intestine

stores faeces

Question 32

anus function

Answer 32

egestion

Question 33

incisors

Answer 33

앞니

cutting and biting

Question 34

canine

Answer 34

송곳니

holding and cutting

Question 35

premolars

Answer 35

소구치

chewing and crushing

Question 36

molars

Answer 36

어금니

chewing and crushing

Question 37

molars

Answer 37

어금니

Question 38

enamel and dentine structure and function

Answer 38

harder than bones

protection of inner part of the teeth

Question 38

pulp structure and function

Answer 38

soft tissue containing nerves and blood vessels

detect pain and temperature

Question 39

gum structure and function

Answer 39

soft tissue surrounding the teeth

protect teeth and bone by keeping them by place

Question 40

how to take care of teeth (2)

Answer 40

1. diet - intake calcium protein, reduce sugar
2. regular brushing - remove plaque and food molecules

Question 41

describe the process of dental decay

Answer 41

• coating of bacteria
• food molecules on teeth
• bacteria respires sugars of the food
• produce acid which dissolves the enamel and dentine

Question 42

state the function of enzymes (3)

Answer 42

1. amylase breaks down starch into simpler sugars
2. protease breaks down protein into amino acids
3. lipase breaks down fats to fatty acids and glycerol

Question 43

where does amylase get produced (3)

Answer 43

• salivery gland
• pancreas
• small intestine

Question 44

where does protease get produced (3)

Answer 44

• stomach
• pancreas
• small intestine

Question 45

where does lipase get produced (2)

Answer 45

• pancreas
• small intestine

Question 46

function of HCl (in gastric juice) in stomach (2)

Answer 46

• kill bacteria
• provide optimum pH for enzymes (protease)

Question 47

function of bile (2)

Answer 47

• emulsifies fat to increase the surface area for the chemical digestion of fat to fatty acids and glycerol by lipase
• neutralizes the acidic mixture to provide a suitable pH for enzyme

Question 48

function of villi

structure of villi

Answer 48

increase surface area of small intestine

microvillies to increase surface area

lacteal to transport glycerol and fatty acid
capillaries to transport amino acids and glucose