B2 Cells

Question 1

function of nucleus (2)

Answer 1

1. contains generic information
2. controls cell division

Question 2

function of cytoplasm (3)

Answer 2

1. support cell structure
2. site of chemical reactions
3. contains water and other solutes

Question 3

function of cell membrane (2)

Answer 3

1. holds the cell together
2. controls substances entering and exiting the cell

Question 4

function of cell wall (1)

Answer 4

1. gives extra support

Question 5

function of chloroplast (2)

Answer 5

1. site of photosynthesis
2. chlorophyll located

Question 6

function of vacuole (2)

Answer 6

1. contains cell sap
2. storage of certain materials

Question 7

function of ciliated cells

Answer 7

movement of mucus in the trachea and bronchi

Question 8

function of root hair cells

Answer 8

absorption

Question 9

function of paliside mesophyll cells

Answer 9

photosynthesis

Question 10

function of red blood cells

Answer 10

transportation of oxygen

Question 11

sperm and egg cells

Answer 11

reproduction

Question 12

define diffusion

Answer 12

net movement of particles from higher concentration region to lower concentration region down a concentration gradient as a result of random movement

Question 13

factors that affect diffusion (4)

Answer 13

1. temperature
2. surface area
3. concentration gradient
4. distance

Question 14

define osmosis

Answer 14

net movement of particles from higher water potential to lower water potential region through partially permeable membrane

Question 15

diffusion goes through

Answer 15

cell membrane

Question 16

osmosis goes through

Answer 16

cell membrane

Question 17

water diffuses through partially membranes by

Answer 17

osmosis

Question 18

(osmosis)
what are the hypotonic solution effects on plant cells (4)

Answer 18

high water potential

1. net movement of water into the cells
2. vacuole expands
3. internal pressure increases so the cell becomes TURGID
4. the cytoplasm and cell membrane are pushed against the wall

Question 19

(osmosis)
what are the hypotonic solution effects on plant cells (4)

Answer 19

high water potential

1. net movement of water into the cells
2. vacuole expands
3. internal pressure increases so the cell becomes TURGID
4. the cytoplasm and cell membrane are pushed against the wall

Question 20

(osmosis)
what are the isotonic solution effects on plant cells (4)

Answer 20

equal water potential

1. water moves in and out
2. the vacuole stays the same
3. the internal pressure remains so the cell remains the same
4. the cytoplasm and cell membrane stays the same

Question 21

(osmosis)
what are the hypertonic solution effects on plant cells (4)

Answer 21

low water potential

1. net movement of water is out the cell
2. the vacuole shrinks
3. the internal pressure decreases so the cell becomes FLACCID
4. the cytoplasm and cell membrane are ripped away from the cell wall

plasmolysis

Question 22

(osmosis)
what are the hypotonic solution effects on animal cells (3)

Answer 22

high water potential

1. net movement of water is into the cell
2. the cell membrane is pushed, cell bursts due to the lack of cell wall
3. the cytoplasm escapes

haemolysis

Question 23

(osmosis)
what are the isotonic solution effects on animal cells (3)

Answer 23

equal water potential

1. water moves in and out
2. the cell membrane remains
3. the cytoplasm stays inside

Question 23

(osmosis)
what are the isotonic solution effects on animal cells (3)

Answer 23

equal water potential

1. water moves in and out
2. the cell membrane remains
3. the cytoplasm stays inside

Question 24

(osmosis)
what are the hypertonic solution effects on animal cells (3)

Answer 24

low water potential

1. net movement of water is out the cell
2. the cell membrane shrivels inside
3. the cytoplasm shrinks

crenation

Question 25

importance of water potential for plant uptake of water

Answer 25

hypotonic solution, to keep the plant turgid for support.

Question 26

importance of water potential for animal tissues and cells

Answer 26

isotonic solution, to prevent the bursting of cells and perform cell activities correctly.