B6*

Question 1

Describe the structure of the DNA

Answer 1

DNA is a polymer, where 2 strands twist around each other making a spiral ladder this shape is known as a double helix

Question 2

What is a gene?

Answer 2

• a small section on a chromosome

- which codes for a particular sequences of amino acids to make a specific protein

Question 3

What is the genome of an organism?

Answer 3

the genome of an organisms is the entire genetic material of that organism

Question 4

What is the ‘Human Genome Project’?

Answer 4

is a map of all the genes

Question 5

Explain why it is important to understand the entire human genome

Answer 5

• to enable scientist to search for the genes linked to different types od diseases (to find possible treatment or correction)
• to enable doctors to better understand & treat inherited disorders
• to be able to trace historic human migration pattern

Question 6

What is evolution?

Answer 6

a change in inherited characteristics of a population over time

Question 7

What does the theory of evolution by natural selection say is the origin of a life on Earth?

Answer 7

that simple life was form that first developed more than 3 billion years ago

Question 8

What are the key words we use to describe how an organism evolves?

Answer 8

• mutation ( a mutation has occured…)
• genetic variation (that has caused a genetic variation ..)
• advantage (what is it?)
• survive & reproduce
• pass on genes
• change over time

Question 9

Describe how evolution can lead to the formation of two new species from one population of organisms

Answer 9

2 new species are formed when the organism can no longer breed to produce fertile offspringa

Question 10

Describe how evolution can lead to the formation of two new species from one population of organisms

Answer 10

2 new species are formed when the organism can no longer breed to produce fertile offsprings

Question 11

Describe what is meant by genetic engineering?

Answer 11

where a gene for a desired characteristic from one organism and insert it into another organism at an early stage of development

Question 12

Describe the 3 uses of genetic engineering?

Answer 12

(FOR PLANTS):

• bigger (crop) yield/ bigger or better fruits
• being resistant to diseases

(FOR BACTERIAL CELLS):

• produce useful substances such as human insulin to treat diabetes

Question 13

Explain the potential benefits and risks of genetic engineering in agriculture

Answer 13

(BENEFITS):

• increase yield = less resistant to insect attack & less competition so they are not being eaten by insects
• more profit for farmers

(RISKS):

• affects of eating GM crops have not been explored & the genes can be transfeerred into the wild + you are removing a producer from the food chain

Question 14

How are enzymes used in genetic engineering?

Answer 14

cutting out genes

Question 15

How are vectors used in genetic engineering?

Answer 15

transferring DNA from one organism to another

Question 16

Why does the gene for the required characteristic need to be transferred at an early stage in the organism’s development?

Answer 16

• to make sure that all of the cells receive the transferred gene
• that way the organism develops the desired characteristic