B6

Question 1

What is the genetic material made from?

Answer 1

the genetic material in the nucleus of most cells is made from a chemical called DNA

Question 2

What is DNA and where is it found?

Answer 2

• is a polymer made from 2 strands which twist around each other making a spiral ladder
• found inside most cell’s nucleus on a chromosome

Question 3

Name the shape which best describes the DNA polymer

Answer 3

a double helix

Question 4

What is a polymer?

Answer 4

is a large molecule made from many smaller molecules - called monomers

Question 5

How is DNA organised inside the cell nucleus?

Answer 5

arranged in structures called chromosomes

Question 6

Which is larger, a chromosome or a gene?

Answer 6

chromosome

Question 7

What is a gene?

Answer 7

is a small section on a chromosome

Question 8

What does a gene code for?

Answer 8

a particlar sequence of amino acids to make a specific protein

Question 9

How are chromosomes found?

hint the human body cells

Answer 9

in human body cells the chromosomes are normally found in pairs

Question 10

How many chromosomes does a cell have?

Answer 10

each cells have 23 pairs of chromosome

Question 11

Write down the definition of the genome of an organism

Answer 11

the genome of an organisms is defined as the entire genetic material of that organism

Question 12

List 3 reasons why it is important to understand more about the human genome

Answer 12

• to enable scientists to search for the genes linked to different types of diseases ( to look for possible treatment or correction)
• to enable doctors to better understand and treat inherited disorders
• to be able to trace historic human migration patterns

Question 13

What is the ‘Human Genome Project’?

Answer 13

unknown yet

Question 14

What is evolution?

Answer 14

a change in inherited characteristics of a population over time

Question 15

What does the theory of evolution by natural selection say is the orgin of all life on Earth?

Answer 15

simple life form that first developed more than 3 billion years ago

Question 16

What are the key words we use to describe how an organism evolves?

Answer 16

• mutation(is the DNA of the organism)
• genetic variation
• advantage(why?)
• survive & reproduce
• pass on genes
• change over time

Question 17

How can evolution can lead to the formation of two new species from one population of organisms?

Answer 17

as 2 new species are formed when the organism can no longer breed to produce fertile offsprings

Question 18

What is meant by genetic engineering?

Answer 18

where a gene for a desired characteristic from one organism is inserted into another organism at an early stage of development

Question 19

Describe 3 uses of genetic engineering

Answer 19

For plants crops:

• bigger yield OR bigger/better fruits
• being resistant to diseases

For bacterial cell:

• is to produce useful sustances such as human insulin to treat diabetes

Question 20

Explain the potential benefits of genetic engineering in agriculture

Answer 20

unknown yet

Question 21

Explain the potential risks of genetic engineering in agriculture

Answer 21

unknown yet

Question 22

Explain the potential benefits of genetic engineering in medicine

Answer 22

unknown yet

Question 23

Explain the potential risks of genetic engineering in medicine

Answer 23

unknown yet

Question 24

Describe the 4 main steps in genetic engineering

Answer 24

• cut out the desired gene using enzymes
• put the gene in to a vector (which is a plasmid or a virus)
• put the vector into the DNA of the cells of the plant
• it must be done at an early stage of the plants development

Question 25

How are enzymes used in genetic enginneering?

Answer 25

unknown yet

Question 26

How are vectors used in genetic engineering?

Answer 26

unknown yet

Question 27

Why does the gene for the required characteristic need to be transferred at an early stage in the organism’s development?

Answer 27

unknown yet