B6 Flashcards

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0
Q

Describe bacteria cells?

A
  • May have Flagellum (whip like tail) for movement
  • have a cell wall to maintain shape and stop bacterium from absorbing water and bursting
  • have bacterial DNA for cell replication and to control cells activities
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1
Q

What are BACTERIA?

A
  • ,microscopic single called organisms .

No true nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts or a vacuole

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2
Q

How do bacteria reproduce?

A
  • BINARY FISSION - by splitting in two

- reproduce rapidly in the right conditions.

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3
Q

Bacteria grow and reproduce very fast, what does this mean?

A
  • diseases spread quickly as conditions inside the human body are ideal for bacterial growth ( warm, moist, food supply)
  • food can become contaminated by bacteria and toxic waste produced by bacteria as they feed
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4
Q

How do viruses invade a living cell?

A

1- the virus attaches to a host cell and injects it’s genetic material into the cell

2- it used the cell to make components for a new virus

3- the host cell splits open to release the virus

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5
Q

What is yeast?

A
  • a single called fungus

- reproduces asexually by budding

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6
Q

What do yeast cells need to reproduce quickly?

A
  • lots of sugar
  • optimum heat (40) and PH
  • the removal of waste products, such as alcohol, which poison it
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7
Q

What are ASEPTIC TECHNIQUES?

A

The process of growing and transferring bacteria without contaminating the sample by touching or breathing on it and without any loss of microbes to the surroundings

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8
Q

How can pathogens enter your body?

A
  • airborne microorganisms enter through nose
  • ,contaminated food, through mouth
  • injected: insect bites, needles or wounds
  • reproductive organs during sex
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9
Q

What illness does bacteria cause and how is it transmitted?

A
  • cholera
  • and food poisoning
  • throughout water
  • through food
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10
Q

What illness do viruses cause and how is it transmitted?

A
  • influenza through airborne droplets

- chickenpox through contact or airborne

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11
Q

What illness does fungi cause and how is it transmitted?

A
  • athletes foot through direct contact
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12
Q

What is CARBOLIC ACID?

A
  • an antiseptic which kills bacteria
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13
Q

How is yogurt made?

A

1- the equipment is sterilised to kill pathogens

2- raw milk is heated to 80 to kill bacteria and then quickly cooled

3- live bacterial culture is added to the milk

4- the bacteria reproduce and feed on the lactose sugar producing lactic acid, which gives a sharp taste to the yoghurt and thickens and preserves it

5- it is sampled

6- flavours and colours added

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14
Q

What is fermentation?

A
  • anaerobic respiration in yeast.
  • produces alcohol
  • sugars are broken down by yeast in the absence of oxygen to produce alcohol.
  • different fruits and seeds are used to provide sugar and flavour
  • carbon dioxide is also produced
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15
Q

How is beer brewed?

A

1- extracting sugar: barley seeds are mixed with water and allowed to sprout, turning the starch in the seeds into sugars

2- hops are added for flavour

3- yeast is added to ferment the sugars into alcohol.

4- tank is sealed so that the yeast cabs respire anaerobic ally producing alcohol

5 - chemical added to make the yeast settle leaving a clear liquid

6- the beer is pasteurised to kill harmful microorganisms

7 beer is bottles

16
Q

How is distillation of alcoholic drinks done?

A

1- the liquid is heated to evaporate the alcohol

2- the concentrated alcohol is trapped and cooled back into a liquid

17
Q

Name the types of biogas?

A
  • methane
  • ,carbon dioxide
  • traces of hydrogen nitrogen and hydrogen sulfide