B5 Puberty and the Menstrual Cycle (page 64)

Question 1

The monthly release of an egg from a woman’s overies is part of what?

Answer 1

The Menstrual Cycle

Question 2

Hormones PROMOTE Sexual Characteristics at what stage?

Answer 2

At Puberty

Question 3

What is Puberty?

Answer 3

Puberty is when your body starts releasing sex hormones that trigger off secondary sexual characteristics

(such as the development of facial hair in men and breasts in women and cause egges to mature in women.

Question 4

What is the main reproductive hormone in men?

Answer 4

Testosterone.

Question 5

Where is the hormone testosterone produced?

Answer 5

it is produced by the testes and stimulates sperm production in men.

Question 6

What is the main reproductive hormone in women?

Answer 6

Oestrogen.

Question 7

Where is the hormone Oesterogen produced?

Answer 7

It’s produced by the overies.

Question 8

As well as bringing about physical changes, oestrogen is also involved in what?

Answer 8

The Menstrual Cycle

(female period cycle)

Question 9

The Menstrual Cycle has Four Stages, what are they?

Answer 9

Stage 1 - Day 1 - menstruation starts

Stage 2 - Days 4 - 14 the uterus lining builds up again

Stage 3 - around Day 14 - An egg develops and is released (called ovulation).

Stage 4 (The wall is then maintained for about 14 days until 28 days.

Question 10

What happens at Stage 1 of the Menstrual Cycle?

Answer 10

Day 1 - Menstruation starts.

The Uterus lining breaks down for about four days (you have a period/bleed to flush away the lining of the uterus).

Question 11

What happens at Stage 2 of the Menstrual Cycle?

Answer 11

From day 4 to day 14 - The Uterus lining builds up again, into a thick spongy layer full of blood vessels, ready to receive a fertilised egg.

(a fertilised egg is where the sperm from having intercourse, swims up the fallopian tubes, and meets the egg which has been released from the overies, and then burrows its way into the egg, and the cells then divide on the way down the fallopian tubes, and implant itself into the uterus where the fertilised egg will then grown into a baby).

Question 12

What happens at Stage 3 of the Menstural Cycle?

Answer 12

Ovulation happens.

An egg develops and is released from the ovary at day 14.

Question 13

What is Stage 4 of the Menstural Cycle?

Answer 13

The wall is then aintained for about 14 days until day 28. If no fertilised egg has landed on the uterus wall by day 28, the spongy lining starts to break down and the whold cycle starts again.

Question 14

The Menstrual Cycle is controlled by Four Hormones. Name them?

Answer 14

1) FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone)
2) Oestrogen
3) LH (Luteinising Hormone)
4) Progesterone

(see diagram on page 64 you need to understand the graphs).

Question 15

How is FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone) produced, and what is it for?

Answer 15

This is Stage 1 of the menstrual cycle

FSH is produced in the Pituitary Gland.

It causes an egg to mature in on of the overies, in a structure called a follicle.

It Stimulates the overies to produce Oestrogen.

Question 16

How is Oestrogen produced, and what is it for?

Answer 16

This is Stage 2 of the Menstrual Cycle

Oestrogen is produced in the overies

It causes the lining of the uterus to grow.

It stimulates the release of LH - Luteinising Hormone, (which causes the release of an egg) and inhibits release of FSH

(inhibits means restrain or prevent an action or process).

Question 17

How is LH (Luteinising Hormone) produced and what is it for?

Answer 17

This is Stage 3 of the Menstrual Cycle

LH (Luteinising Hormone) is produced by the Pitutary Gland. It stimulates the release of an egg at day 14 (ovulation).

Question 18

How is Progesterone produced and what is it for?

Answer 18

This is Stage 4 of the Menstrual Cycle.

Progesterone is produced in the overies by the remains of the folicle after ovulation. It maintains the lining of the uterus during the second half of the cycle. When the level of progesterone falls, the lining breaks down. and this inhibits the release of LH (Luteinising Hormone) and FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone).

Question 19

Name the hormone that stimulates an egg to mature in the ovary? (1 mark)

Answer 19

FSH/Follicle-stimulating hormone (1 mark)

Question 20

Where is testosterone produced in the male body? (1 mark)

Answer 20

Testes (1 mark)

Question 21

What is a Follicle in the ovary?

Answer 21

A small, fluid-filled sac in the ovary that contains one immature egg. (there are thousands of follicles in the overies).