B5 Controlling Blood Glucose (page 63)

Question 1

Blood Glucose is also controlled as part of what?

Answer 1

Homeostasis (a state of balance among all the body systems needed for the body to survive and function correctly).

(Insulin and Glucagon are the two hormones involved).

Question 2

Insulin and Glucagon control what?

Answer 2

Blood Glucose Level

Question 3

What happens to the body when eating foods containing carbohydrate?

Answer 3

carbohydrates puts glucose (a type of sugar) into the blood from the gut.

Question 4

The normal metabolism of cells removes what from the blood, after carbohydrates are consumed?

Answer 4

glucose.

Question 5

How can you remove much more glucose from the blood?

Answer 5

vigorous exercise removes much more glucose from the blood.

Question 6

Excess glucose can be stored as glycogen where in the body?

Answer 6

in the liver and the muscles.

Question 7

The level of glucose in the blood must be kept steady, changes are monitored and controlled by what and how?

Answer 7

changes are monitored and controlled by the pancreas, using the hormones insulin and glucagon, in a negative feedback cycle.

Question 8

When Blood Glucose Level is too high what is added?

Answer 8

Insulin

Question 9

What is the process by the pancreas when insulin is added to high blood glucose level?

Answer 9

1) Blood with too much Glucose
2) Insulin is screated by pancreas
3) Too much glucose - but insulin as well
4) Insulin
5) Glucose moves from blood into liver and muscle cells
6) Blood glucose reduced
7) Insulin makes liver turn glucose into glycogen.

see diagram on page 63)

Question 10

If Blood glucose Level is too low, what is added?

Answer 10

Glucagon.

Question 11

What is the process by the pancreas when Glucagon is added to Low blood glucose level?

Answer 11

1) Blood with too little glucose
2) Glucagon secreated by pancreas
3) Too little glucose - but glucagon as well
4) Glucagon added
5) Glucose released into blood by liver.
6) Blood glucose lncreased.
7) Glucagon makes liver turn glycogen into glucose.

see diagram on page 63

Question 12

When you have Diabetes, can you control your blood sugar levels?

Answer 12

No.

Question 13

What is Diabetes?

Answer 13

Diabeties is a condition that affects your ability to control your blood sugar level.

Question 14

What are the two types of Diabeties?

Answer 14

Type 1 Diabetes
Type 2 Diabetes

Question 15

What is Type 1 Diabetes?

Answer 15

it is where the pancreas produced little or no insulin.

Question 16

What do it mean if a person with Type 1 Diabetes don’t produce little or no insulin?

Answer 16

this means a person’s blood glucose level can rise to a level that can kill them.

Question 17

How can a Diabetic Type 1 be treated?

Answer 17

they need insulin therapy - this usually involves several injections of insulin through the day, mose likely at mealtimes.

Question 18

What do injecting insulin into a Diabetic Type 1 help with?

Answer 18

This makes sure that glucose is removed from the blood quickly once the food has been digested, stopping the level getting too high. (it’s a very effective treatment)

Question 19

How much insulin should a Type 1 Diabetic inject?

Answer 19

The amount of insulin that needs to be injected depends on the person’s diet and how active they are.

As well as insulin therapy, people with Type 1 diabetes need to think about limiting the intake of food rich in simple carbohydrates e.g. sugars (which cause the blood glucose to rise rapidly) and taking regular exercise (which helps to remove excess glucose from the blood).

Question 20

What is Type 2 Diabetes?

Answer 20

It is where a person becomes resistant to their own insulin. (they still produce insulin, but their body’s cell don’t respond properly to the hormone)

Question 21

If a Type 2 Diabetic becomes resistant to their own insulin what can happen?

Answer 21

This can cause a person’s blood sugar level to rise to a dangerous level.

Question 22

What can cause Type 2 Diabetes?

Answer 22

Being overweight can increase your chance of developing Type 2 diabetes, as obesity is a major risk factor in the development of the disease.

Question 23

How can Type 2 diabetes be controlled?

Answer 23

By eating a carbohydrate-controlled diet and getting regular exercise.

Question 24

The Graph on the bottom of page 63 shows the relative secretion rates of insulin and glucagon as the blood glucose level increases. which curve represents glucagon? Explain your answer? (2 marks)

(secretion means production and release of a useful substance by a gland or cell)

Answer 24

Curve 1, because the secreation rate is hgh when the blood glucose level is low/the secretion rate decreases as the blood glucose level rises (1 mark)

Glucagon increases the blood glucose level, so it is secreated when the blood glucose level becomes too low. (1 mark)