B5 plant nutrition

Question 1

Photosynthesis

Answer 1

The process by which plants manufacture carbohydrates from raw materials, using energy from light

Question 2

Word equation for photosynthesis

Answer 2

Carbon dioxide + water —> (light,chlorophyll) glucose + oxygen

Question 3

Balanced equation for photosynthesis

Answer 3

6CO2 + 6H2O —> (light,chlorophyll) C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 4

What happens during photosynthesis?

Answer 4

Light energy is absorbed by green pigment called chlorophyll, which is found in chloroplasts in some plant cells. This energy is used to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugar (glucose). Oxygen is released as a byproduct.

Question 5

Effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis

Answer 5

As light intensity increases, the more oxygen is produced (vice versa) which means that there is more photosynthesis

Question 6

Waxy cuticle

Answer 6

Retains water, prevents evaporation(water loss), covers leaf

Question 7

Upper epidermis

Answer 7

Layer of cells on outer surface of leaf which allows as much light as possible to reach the photosynthesising cells within the leaf

Question 8

Palisade mesophyll

Answer 8

Cells found in the upper part of lead which contains the most chloroplasts and carries out the most photosynthesis

Question 9

Spongy mesophyll

Answer 9

Cells found in the lower part of leave with many air spaces which increases internal surface area to volume ratio (gas exchange)

Question 10

Vascular bundle

Answer 10

The vein of the plant which contains the conducting tissues of xylem and phloem

Question 11

Guard cells

Answer 11

Controls entry for gases to go in and out (CO2, O2, water vapour) and found in the surface of the leaf with high density on the underside (gas exchange)

Question 12

Stoma(ta)

Answer 12

Allows gases to diffuse into and out of the leaf quickly

Question 13

Nitrogen mineral ion

Answer 13

Nitrate NO3-
Ammonium NH4+

Question 14

Magnesium mineral ion

Answer 14

Magnesium Mg2+

Question 15

Nitrate ion function

Answer 15

Plants need these ions so that they can convert the glucose made in photosynthesis into amino acids to make proteins for the growth of plants

Question 16

Magnesium ion function

Answer 16

Plants need these ions to manufacture chlorophyll, which is needed to absorb light energy in the process of photosynthesis

Question 17

Nitrate ion deficiency

Answer 17

Stunted growth

Question 18

Magnesium ion deficiency

Answer 18

Yellowing leaves

Question 19

Phloem

Answer 19

Transports sucrose, which is formed from the glucose in photosynthesising cells, away from the leaf

Question 20

Xylem

Answer 20

Transports water and minerals to the leaf from the roots

Question 21

Chloroplasts

Answer 21

Contains chlorophyll and can move around in the cytoplasm to reach positions where they receive the most light

Question 22

Chlorophyll

Answer 22

Chemical in chloroplasts which transfers light energy into chemical energy in molecules for the synthesis of carbohydrates (photosynthesis)