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Biology > B5 (not Included In Eoy) > Flashcards

B5 (not Included In Eoy) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is homeostasis

A

The maintenance of steady conditions. The ability of the body to maintain a constant internal environment.

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2
Q

What does homeostasis control in the body?

A

Blood glucose concentration
Body temperature
Water levels

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3
Q

What does the human nervous system consist of?

A

Central Nervous System (CNS) - the brain and spinal cord

The peripheral nervous system- nerve cells that carry information to or from the CNS

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4
Q

What are receptors

A

Organs which recognise and respond to stimuli

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5
Q

What is stimuli

A

Something that sets off a reaction in the nervous system- such as light, heat, sound, smell, taste or temperature.

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6
Q

What is the coordination centre

A

The brain, spinal cord or pancreas which receives and processes information from receptors around the body

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7
Q

What is the effector

A

The organ, tissue or cell that produces a response -

such as muscle glands and therefore responses can include muscle contractions or hormone release

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8
Q

What is a nerve cell made up of?

A

Neurones

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9
Q

What are nerve cells adapted to do

A

Carry electrical signals from one place to another

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10
Q

What are the three main types of neurone

A

Sensory
Motor
Relay

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11
Q

What do neurones have in common

A
  • a long fibre (axon) which is insulated by a fatty (myelin) sheath, they are long and therefore carry messages up and down the body
  • tiny branches (dendrons) which branch further as dendrites at each end. They receive incoming impulses from other neurones
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12
Q

Receptors to effectors

A

Receptor - sensory neurones - CNS (with Relay neurones) - motor neurones - effectors

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13
Q

What is the sense organ and stimulus (5)

A

Skin - touch, temperature and pain
Tongue- chemicals
Nose - chemicals
Eye - light
Ear - sound and position of head

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14
Q

What is a reflex action

A

Automatic and rapid response to a stimulus

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15
Q

What do the neurones types do

A

Sensory - sends electrical impulses to relay neurone in spinal cord.

Relay - connects sensory neurones to motor neurones

Motor - sends electrical impulses to an effector

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16
Q

What is a synapse

A

When there is a tiny gap at the junction between two nerve cells.

17
Q

What is a neurotransmitter

A

Chemical involved in passing nerve impulses from one nerve cell to the next across a synapse

18
Q

What is a hormone

A

Chemical messenger produced in glands and carried by the blood to specific organs in the body

19
Q

What happens when a hormone has been used

A

It is destroyed by the liver

20
Q

What is the pituitary gland

A

The master gland situated at the base of the brain

21
Q

What is the thyroid gland

A

Produces thyroxine

22
Q

What is pancreas

A

Produces insulin

23
Q

What is adrenal glands

A

Produces adrenaline

24
Q

What is testes

A

Produces testosterone

25
Q

What are ovaries

A

Produces oestrogen

26
Q

What is the negative feedback cycle

A
  • conditions in body change from set point
  • change detected
  • corrective mechanism activated
  • conditions come back to set point
  • corrective mechanism switched off
27
Q

What is glucose

A

A simple sugar used by cells for respiration

28
Q

What is insulin

A

A hormone that regulates the level of sugar in the blood

29
Q

How is glycogen produced

A

When cells have excess glucose and convert this into glycogen in their muscle and liver tissues

30
Q

What is diabetes

A

A serious disease in which the body is unable to regulate blood sugar

31
Q

What is testosterone

A

Produced by testes
Controls the development of male secondary sexual characteristics

32
Q

What is oestrogen

A

Produced by ovaries
Controls the development of female secondary sexual characteristics

33
Q

What is the menstrual cycle

A

Recurring series of events in the human female reproductive system

34
Q

FSH

A

Follicle stimulating hormone
Produced in pituitary gland
Causes egg to mature in ovary. Stimulates ovaries to release oestrogen

35
Q

Oestrogen

A

Produced in ovaries
Stops FSH from being produced and thickens, maintains the lining of the uterus.
Stimulates release of LH

36
Q

LH

A

Luteinising hormone
Produced in pituitary gland
Triggers ovulation

37
Q

Progesterone

A

Produced in ovaries
Maintains the lining of the uterus during middle part of menstrual cycle and pregnancy

38
Q

What is IVF treatment

A

Brings sperm and the egg together to create an embryo, which is placed into the woman’s womb

Biology (5 decks)

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