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Biology Paper 2 > B5 - Homeostasis > Flashcards

B5 - Homeostasis Flashcards

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1
Q

What is homeostasis

A

Keeping conditions in your body and cells at the right level

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2
Q

When does homeostasis happen ?

A

Happens in response to changes inside and outside of the body

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3
Q

Why is homeostasis important ?

A

It is importsnt because your cells need the right conditions to work properly

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4
Q

What do control systems do ?

A

They keep conditions in your body steady

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5
Q

When the level of something is too high ornlow then the

A

Control system brings it back to normal

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6
Q

What is the Central Nervous System ?

A

Consists of the brain and spinal cord.CNS is connected to the body by sensory neurones and motor neurones

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7
Q

What are receptors

A

Receptors are the cells that detect stimuli.Different receptors detect different stimuli.

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8
Q

What are sensory neurones

A

These carry info as electrical impulses from the receptors to the CNS

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9
Q

What are motor neurones ?

A

These carry electrical impluses from the CNS to effectors

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10
Q

What are effectors

A

Effectors respond to electrical impulses and bring about change

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11
Q

What are examples of effectors

A

Muscles and glands

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12
Q

What is a synapse

A

Where two neurones join together

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13
Q

What do synapses do

A

The electrical impulse is passed from one neurone to the next by chemicals .These chemicals move across the gap, chemicals set off new electrical impulse in the next neurone

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14
Q

What are hormones

A

Hormones are chemicals released by glands

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15
Q

What does the pituitary gland do

A

Produces many hormones that regulate body conditions .Thse hoemonss act on other glands.They make the glands release hormones that bring about change

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16
Q

What dies the thyroid gland do

A

Produces thryroxine.
Involved in regulating things like the rate of metabolism

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17
Q

What does the adrenal gland do ?

A

Produces adrenaline
Used to prepare for a fight or flight response

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18
Q

What does the pancreas do ?

A

Produces insulin.
Used to regulate the body glucose level

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19
Q

What do the ovaries do ?

A

Produce oestrogen
Involved in the menstrul cycle

20
Q

What do the testes do ?

A

Produce testosterone.
Controls puberty and sperm production

21
Q

Why is glucose removed from the body by cells

A

To use it for energy

22
Q

Changes in the blood glucose concentration is controlled by the

A

Pancreas

23
Q

When the blood glucose concentration is too high

A

The pancreas releases the hormone insulin to reduce it.

24
Q

What does insulin cause ?

A

Causes glucose to move into cells

25
Q

Gluxose moves from the blood to the liver and muscle cells.

A

Glucose is converted to glycogen in the liver and muscle cells

26
Q

What is Type 1 diabetes

A

Where the pancreas produce little or no insulin.This means a person’s blood glucose level can rise to a level that can kill them

27
Q

What do People with Type 1 diabetes do

A

Inject insulin throughout the day

28
Q

What is Type 2 diabetes

A

Where a person becomes resistant to their own insulin .They still produce insulin but their body cells don’t respond properly to it

29
Q

How can Type 2 diabetes be controlled

A

By eating a carbohydrate controlled diet and taking regular excercise

30
Q

At puberty , body starts releasing sexual hormones.These sexual hormones trigger

A

Secondary sexual characteristics

31
Q

What is Step 1 of the Menstrual Cycle ?

A

Day 1 is where bleeding starts.Uterus lining breaks down for about 4 days

32
Q

Menstrual Cycle Stage 2

A

Utuerus lining starts to build up again from Day 4 to Day 14.It builds into a thick spongy layer full of blood vessels .Now ready to recieve a fertilised egg

33
Q

Menstrual Cycle Stage 3

A

An egg develops and is released from the ovary at Day 14.This is called ovulation

34
Q

What is Stage 4 of Menstrual Cycle

A

The wall is maintained for about 14 days until day 28.If no fertilised egg has hit the uterus wall by Day 28 the spony lining starts to break down again

35
Q

What is oral contraceptives

A

Oral contraceptives ae taken through the mouth as pills.They atop the hormone FSH from being released.This stops the egg maturing

36
Q

Disadvantage of oral contraceptives

A

Can have bad side affects.Can cause headaches and make you feel sick

37
Q

What is contraceptive patch

A

Small patch that is stuck to the skin.Lasts one week

38
Q

What is contracpetive implant

A

Inserted under the skin of the arm .Implant can last 3 years

39
Q

Contraceptive injection

A

Each dose lasts two to three months

40
Q

Some hormonal contracpetives work by releasing progeasterone.

A

This stops egg from maturing or being released from the ovaries

41
Q

What do non hormonal contraceptives do

A

Stop the sperm meeting the egg

42
Q

What is a diaphragm

A

Shallow plastic cup that fits over the entrance of the uterus

43
Q

What is sterilisation

A

Sterilisation involves cutting or tying the fallopian tubes ( females
Sterilisation involves cutting or tying the sperm ducts ( males )

44
Q

What is natural methods

A

Avoided by not having sexual intercourse when the women is at the stage of the menstrual cycle when she is most likely to get pregnant

45
Q

What is abstinance

A

Not having sex

Biology Paper 2 (3 decks)

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