b5 - health and diseases Flashcards
what are communicable diseases
diseases that can be passed from one organism to the other
what are non communicable diseases
diseases that can not be passed from one organism to the other
what is a pace maker
a samll electrical device that controls irregualar heartbeats
what is conary heart disease ( CHD)
build up of fat in the conary arteries which means less oxygen gets to the heart
how is CHD treated
by using a stent or statins
what does the stent do
a stent is a small mesh tube that opens up the artery to allow more oxygen to the heart
what are statins
statins are drugs that reduce the cholesterol in the blood
how do you treat leaky valves
biological valvues from human , pig , cow or mecahnical valves
what are the three types of blood vessels
arteries , veins and capillaries
what are the hearts four chambers
left atrium , right atrium , left ventricle , right ventricle
how are the atriums and ventricles serperated
by valves
what do valves do
make sure blood is flowing in right direction
why does the left side of your heart have a thicker muscle wall on the left side
as the left side of the heart has to pump blood all the way through your body while the right is only pumping to th lungs which are a lot closer meaning the left side needs thick muscle in order for a more powerfull pump
what are the 4 blood vessels that ebter and leave the heart
vena cava , pulmonary artery , pulmonary vein and aorta
what does the vena cava do
brings in deoxygenated blood from body
what does the pulmonary artery do
moves blood from heart to lungs
what does the pulmonary vein do
brings blood oxygenated by lungs back to the heart
what does the aorta do
moves blood from heart to body
what are enzymes
proteins that act as biological catalysts this means they speed up chemical reactions
what do enzymes do in digestion
speed up the process of breakdown of food
what chemical is used in the enzyme practical
iodine
what colour is iodine
orange
in the enzyme practical how do you know if starch is present
if the soloution turns blue / black
what chemical is used when testing for glucose
benedicts soloution
what colour is benedicts soloution
blue
what colours will the soloution change if sugar is present
the soloution wll turn either green , yellow or red
when testing for glucose if the soloution turns green what does this mean
there is a small amount of sugar
when testing for glucose if the soloution turns yellow what does this mean
there is more sugar
when testing for glucose if the soloution turns red what does this mean
thre is a lot of sugar
when testing for proteins what soloution do you use
biuret soloution
what colour is biruit solution
blue
what colour will my soloution change to if proteins are present
purple / lilac
when testing for lipids what chemical do i add
ethanol
what are the risk factors for CHD
smoking , high cholesterol and not enough exercise
what is health
the state of complete physical mental and social well being and not the absence of disease
what is an organism
a group of organ systems working together
what is an organ system
a group of organs working together
what is an organ
a group of tissues working together
what is a tissue
a group of simialr cells wit similar functions
what is a cell
the smallest structure of life
why is the top of the leaf darker compared to the bottom
because it has more chloroplasts and gets more sunlight
what is the stomata
an opening in the leaf
what do the guard cells do
they are around the stomata contolling the opening and closing of the stomata to let gasses difuse in and to control water intake
what is transpirtation
when the xylem tissue transports water from the roots to the stems and leaves
translocation
when pholem tissue transports sugar from the leaves to the rest of the plant
what is the journey of food when being digested
first food enters the mouth where it is chewed and broken down next it travels down the oesophogus where it is being squished and further broken down next the stomach where stomach acids further break it down bile from the liver is released nutrealising the acid from the stomach before it is passed into the intestines then enxymes is realesed as samll food molecules are abosbed for nutrients and released into the blood stream
what can the intestine not absorb
big molecules or insoluble molecules
what do charbohydrase enxymes break down
charbohydrates
what do protease enxymes break down
proteins
what do lipase enzymes break down
fats
what do red blood cells do
cary oxygen
what do white blood cells do
fight diseases
what do platlets blood cells do
form scabs , clots and wounds
what gases are wasted in the blood
co2
why is no exercise a risk factor for chd
doesn’t burn fat
