B5-Growth And Development Flashcards
Which bases always pair together?
A-T
C-G
What is a gene?
A gene is a section of DNA
What are proteins made of?
Amino acids
Why is the order of bases in a gene important for making a protein?
Because it’s the order of the bases in a gene that tells the cells how to make a protein
Where in the cell are proteins made?
Cytoplasm
Where in the cell is DNA found?
Nucleus
During cell growth does the number of chromosomes double or halve?
Halve
It’s purpose is to provide new cells for growth and repair
Mitosis
It’s purpose to creat gametes
Meiosis
The cells produced are genetically identical
Mitosis
The cells produced contain half the number of chromosomes that were in the parent cell
Meiosis
What is the name of the cell produced when two gametes combine?
Zygote
In an human embryo all the cells are unspecialised until what stage?
Eight cell stage
How are the stem cells in an embryo different from the stem cells in an adult?
Embryonic stem cells can turn into any type of cell whereas adult stem cells can’t
What determines the type of cell a stem cell becomes?
The genes that are active in the cell determine what type of cell a stem cell specialises into
What name is given to parts of plants where cells which divide by mitosis are found?
Meristems
Name two types of tissue that the unspecialised cells in plants can turn into?
Xylem and phloem
What is a cutting?
A cutting is a part of a plant that has been cut off
What do cuttings grow into?
Identical plants to the cutting
Why do people like gardeners take cuttings?
Desirable features
What can be added to soil to encourage cuttings to grow roots?
Rooting powder
What is phototropism?
Where plants grow towards or away from light
Are shoots negatively or positively phototropic?
Shoots are positively phototropic
How many different bases does DNA have?
Four different bases
