B5-Genes and Inheritance

Question 1

What are alleles?

Answer 1

Different forms of the same gene

Question 2

What is a dominant allele?

Answer 2

The allele which if it is present determines the phenotype

Question 3

What is a recessive allele?

Answer 3

An allele which must be a homozygous pair to determine the phenotype

Question 4

What is the phenotype?

Answer 4

The appearance of a particular characteristic which are expressed by the combination of alleles

Question 5

What is the genotype?

Answer 5

The alleles present on the chromosomes for a characteristic

Question 6

What is a ‘homozygous’ pair?

Answer 6

When the two alleles are present in chromosomes are the same
E.g. ‘AA’ or ‘aa’

Question 7

What is a ‘heterozygous’ pair?

Answer 7

When the two alleles are present in chromosomes are the different
E.g. ‘Aa’
(Always write the dominant before the recessive ‘aA’ would be wrong)

Question 8

What are sections of Dna that code for a protein?

Answer 8

DNA

Question 9

Height is a ‘…….’ factor?

Answer 9

Environmental

Question 10

Eye colour is a ‘…….’ factor?

Answer 10

Genetic

Question 11

Skin colour is a ‘…….’ factor?

Answer 11

Environmental

Question 12

Blood type is a ‘…….’ factor?

Answer 12

Genetic

Question 13

Hair colour is a ‘…….’ factor?

Answer 13

Genetic

Question 14

Shoe size is a ‘…….’ factor?

Answer 14

Environmental

Question 15

What is discontinuous variation?

Answer 15

Characteristics that fall into distinct groups commonly categorised as discrete data due to having finite options
E.g. Eye colur can only be a certain few colours and there is only male and female for gender

Question 16

What is continuous variation?

Answer 16

Characteristics that can take any value within a range that are commonly categorised at continuous data due to having many options
E.g. Height and weight will never be exact as your weight could be 67.56783567 or maybe 67.56783568 and the numbers could go on to make it more exact which makes it continuous

Question 17

How is discontinuous data shown on a graph?

Answer 17

Normally presented in a bell-shaped curve

Question 18

How is continuous data shown on a graph?

Answer 18

Normally presented a bar chart

Question 19

What is asexual reproduction?

Answer 19

Reproduction where a single organism produces a gentically identical offspring

Question 20

What are the benefits of asexual reproduction?

Answer 20

Good traits are guaranteed to be passed onto offspring

Question 21

What are the disadvantages of asexual reproduction?

Answer 21

Since there are all gentically a same a virus that would prove fatal to one organism would prove deadly for all of them and wipe them out

Question 22

Does asexual reproduction use mitosis or meiosis?

Answer 22

Mitosis as it still needs to create cells with 46 chromosomes

Question 23

What is sexual reproduction?

Answer 23

Sexual reproduction is where haploid cells from two different organisms are fused to form a zygote (diploid cell) which is genetically different to the parent. This causes variation for genetically different gametes which cause further variation.

Question 24

What is a haploid cell?

Answer 24

A cell containing one set of chromosomes

Question 25

What is a diploid cell?

Answer 25

A cell containing two sets of chromosomes

Question 26

What is mitosis?

Answer 26

Process of cell duplication where a cell divides once to end up with two diploid cells

Question 27

What is meiosis?

Answer 27

Process where a single cell divides twice to produce four haploid cells

Question 28

What is mitosis used for?

Answer 28

Growth and repair of tissues

Question 29

What is meiosis used for?

Answer 29

Production of gametes

Question 30

Where does mitosis take place?

Answer 30

Every cell

Question 31

Where does meiosis take place?

Answer 31

Occurs in gametes

Question 32

What are two ways to determine the phenotype of an offspring?

Answer 32

Punnett Squares and Genetic Crosses