Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > B3-Organism-level systems > Flashcards

B3-Organism-level systems Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Tropism

A

Plant growth in response to stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Positive Phototropism

A

Growth towards light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Positive gravitropism

A

Growth towards gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Negative tropism

A

Opposite of positive tropism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Fruit ripening hormone

A

Ethene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hormone triggering growth after dormancy (plant)

A

Gibberellins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Homeostasis

A

State of steady internal, physical and chemical conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Thermoregulatory response to high temperatures

A

-hairs lower to stop heating being trapped -sweat produced -capillaries vasodilate (to increase heat loss by radiation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Thermoregulatory response to cold temperatures

A

-hairs rise to creat heat trapping air layer -rapid muscle contraction and relaxation (shivering) for heat from respiration -Capillaries vasoconstrict to reduce heat loss by radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Blood sugar levels

A

-rise after meals -insulin lowers level by converting glucose-> glycogen in liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Response to low blood sugar levels

A

-glucagon converts glycogen into glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Response to high sugar levels

A

-insulin lowers level by converting glucose to glycogen in the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How are blood water levels controlled

A

-urine produced in nephrons in kidneys to maintain water balance -controlled by hormone ADH -If water potential too low: Higher ADH = Higher water reabsorption in nephron = less urine production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Higher auxin levels

A

-elongate cells in tropism -root grows on side with less auxin shoot grows with more auxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Nervous system response

A

-quicker response -more targeted -short acting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Endocrine system response

A

-slower response -acts over wide area -longer lasting -endocrine glands secrete hormones into the blood -triggers response in specific cells in target organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Adrenaline

A

Hormone produced in the adrenal gland prepares body for intense action (fight or flight)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Hormones

A

Chemical messengers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Thyroxine

A

-Hormone produced in thyroid gland -regulates metabolic rate -levels controlled by negative feedback

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Nervous response to stimulus (including CNS)

A

Receptors->sensory neurones->spinal cord->brain->spinal cord->motor neurones->effectors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Effectors

A

Muscles or glands that cause response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Central nervous system

A

Decides appropriate response (relay neurons) Made up of the brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Reflex arc

A

-misses out CNS to reduce reaction time to about 0.2 seconds Stimulus->receptor->sensory neurone->spinal cord->motor neurone->effector->response

24
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

-all the neurones that connect the CNS to the rest of the body. -these are sensory neurones and motor neurones

25
Q

Sensory neurones

A

Carry nerve impulses from receptors to the CNS

26
Q

Motor neurones

A

Carry nerve impulses from the CNS to the effectors

27
Q

Nervous system repairability

A

PNS-Limited regeneration,leaving numbness and loss of coordination CNS-Cannot regenerate, only repairable through surgery, often impossible to repair

28
Q

Shortsightedness caused by

A

-lens too strong -eyeball too long

29
Q

Shortsightedness corrected by

A

-concave lens

30
Q

Longsightedness caused by

A

-lens too weak -eyeball too short

31
Q

Longsightedness corrected by

A

Convex lens

32
Q

Photoreceptor cells in retina

A

Rods and cones

33
Q

Rods

A

Respond to light and allow you to see in low light levels Not responsive to different colours

34
Q

Cones

A

These respond to different colours.Different cone ce.le respond to red blue and green light

35
Q

Colour blindness caused by

A

-problem with cone cells

36
Q

Light to image path (eye)

A

Light->cornea->pupil->lens->retina(image produced)->optical lobe in brain

37
Q

Ways to investigate the brain

A

1-Studying stroke victims 2-Inserting electrodes 3-CT scans 4-MRI scans

38
Q

MRI

A

Magnetic resonance imaging -powerful magnets to identify brain abnormalities

39
Q

fMRI

A

-function magnetic resonance imaging -same as MRI but produces images in real time

40
Q

CT

A

Computed tomography -uses X-rays to create 3D images

41
Q

Cerebrum

A

-Controls complex behaviour such as learning,memory,personality and conscious though -largest part of the brain

42
Q

Skull

A

Protects the brain

43
Q

Cerebellum

A

-controls posture,balance,and involuntary movements -leaf shaped thing at the back below the cerebrum

44
Q

Medulla

A

-Controls automatic actions such as heart rate and breathing rate

45
Q

Hypothalamus

A

-regulates temperature and water balance

46
Q

Pituitary gland

A

-Stores and releases hormones that regulate many body functions

47
Q

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

Secreted by the pituitary gland.It travels to the ovaries where it causes an egg to mature.It also stimulates the ovaries to produce oestrogen.

48
Q

Oestrogen

A

Made and secreted by the ovaries.It causes the lining of the uterus to build up. As oestrogen levels rise they inhibit the production of FSH.This usually prevents more than one egg maturing.It also stimulates the pituitary gland to release luteinising hormone (LH)

49
Q

Luteinising hormone (LH)

A

When LH reaches a peak in the middle of the cycle,ovulation is triggered

50
Q

Progesterone

A

Maintains the uterus lining.Levels of this hormone remain high throughout pregnancy

51
Q

Non-hormonal methods of contraception

A

These are physical barriers preventing sperm from contacting the egg, or physical devices that release chemicals that kill sperm Eg-condoms

52
Q

Hormonal methods of contraception

A

-Use hormones to disrupt the female reproductive system Eg-Oestrogen and progesterone pills to thicken mucus

53
Q

Hypertonic

A

Contain high levels of glucose and salts

54
Q

Hypotonic

A

Contain low levels of glucose and salts

55
Q

Isotonic

A

Contain ion concentration equal to those in blood plasma

Biology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions