B5: Communicable Disease 📡🦠

Question 1

What are Pathogens?

Answer 1

Microorganisms that enter the body and cause disease.

Question 2

What type of disease do Pathogens cause?

Answer 2

Communicable (infectious) diseases - diseases that can easily spread person to person

Question 3

What are communicable diseases?

Answer 3

Diseases that can spread person to person like viruses

Question 4

What are non-communicable diseases?

Answer 4

Diseases that are not spread from person to person like diabetes

Question 5

What is bacteria?

Answer 5

Bacteria are very small cells (1/100th of the size of your body cells), which can reproduce rapidly inside your body

Question 6

How can bacteria make you feel ill?

Answer 6

They can make you feel ill by producing toxins (poisons) that damage your cells and tissues.

Question 7

What are viruses and how do they replicate?

Answer 7

Viruses are not cells - they are much smaller
They replicate by using cell machinery - to produce many copies of themselves

Question 8

How do viruses make you ill?

Answer 8

They reproduce rapidly inside your body. When the virus uses the cell machinery the cell will eventually burst and release all the new viruses, this cell damage is what makes you feel ill.

Question 9

What are protists?

Answer 9

They are single celled Eukaryotes, there are lots of different types of protists - all Eukaryotes = single celled

Question 10

What are some other type of protists and what do they do?

Answer 10

Some protists are parasites. Parasites live on or inside other organisms and can cause them damage. They are often transferred to the organism by a vector which doesn’t get the disease it self.

Question 11

What is a vector in disease?

Answer 11

A vector is something that transfer disease without getting it it self like an insect carrying protist.

Question 12

What are Fungi?

Answer 12

Fungi come in different shapes, some are SINGLE celled, others have a body which is made up of hyphae (thread like structures). This is grow and penetrate human skin and the surface of plants causing diseases.

Question 13

What can Hyphae produce related to fungi?

Answer 13

Hyphae can produce spores, which can be spread to other plants and animals.

Question 14

What are the 3 ways in which Pathogens are spread?

Answer 14

1) Water - Dirty water e.g Cholera

2) Air - Cough, Sneeze e.g flu, influenza virus

3) Direct contact - touching contaminated surfaces e.g athlete’s foot - shower floor and towels - fungus

Question 15

What type of disease is measles?

Answer 15

Viral disease

Question 16

What symptoms does Measles cause?

Answer 16

Red skin rash, show signs of fever

Question 17

How is measles spread?

Answer 17

Spread through airborne like coughs of sneezes.

Question 18

What can Measles lead to?

Answer 18

Measles may lead to pneumonia (a lung injection) or inflammation of the brain (encephalitis)

Question 19

What is the cure for measles?

Answer 19

Vaccinated for when young

Question 20

What type of disease is HIV and how is it spread?

Answer 20

A virus spread through sexual contact or exchanging bodily fluids such as bloods, sharing needles when taking drugs.

Question 21

What symptoms does HIV cause?

Answer 21

Causes flu-like symptoms of coughs, sneezes and a fever.

Question 22

How can HIV be controlled?

Answer 22

Can be controlled by antiretroviral drugs, these stop the virus from replicating in the body

Question 23

What does the HIV virus do and what is it known as in its late stages?

Answer 23

The virus attacks the immune cells. If a body’s immune system is badly damaged, it cant cope with other infections or cancers. At this stage, the virus is known as late stage HIV infection or AIDS.

Question 24

What type of disease is the Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) and what does it harm?

Answer 24

A virus affects many species of plants, e.g tomatoes.

Question 25

What does the Tobacco Mosaic Virus cause?

Answer 25

Causes a mosaic pattern on the leaves of the plant - parts of the leave become discoloured.

Question 26

What does the discolouration of the leaves from TMV mean for plants?

Answer 26

The discolouration means the plant can't carry out photosynthesis as well, so the virus affects growth.

Question 27

What type of disease is Rose Black spot?

Answer 27

Fungal Disease (fungus)

Question 28

What does Rose Black spot cause?

Answer 28

Causes purple or black spots to develop the leaves of rose plants. In which the leaves may then turn yellow and drop off. Meaning less photosynthesis so that plant doesn't grow very well.

Question 29

How does Rose Black spot disease spread?

Answer 29

Spreads through the environment in water or wind.

Question 30

How can Rose Black spot be treated?

Answer 30

Gardner's can treating Rose Black spot using fungicide or destroying affected leaves to ensure no further spread to other plants.

Question 31

What type of disease is Malaria?

Answer 31

Protist

Question 32

What are the symptoms of Malaria?

Answer 32

Repeating episodes of fever - which can be fatal.

Question 33

What is the life-cycle of Malaria Protist?

Answer 33

Take place in a mosquito, the mosquitos are vectors, they pick up the malarial protist when they feed on an infected animal, every time it feeds on to another animal, it infects it by inserting the protist into the animals' blood vessels.

Question 34

How can the spread of Malaria be reduced?

Answer 34

Spread of Malaria can be reduces by stopping the mosquitos from breeding, people can use insecticides and mosquito nets to be protected.

Question 35

What type of disease is Salmonella?

Answer 35

Bacterial disease

Question 36

What is Salmonella and what are the causes and symptoms of it?

Answer 36

Salmonella causes food poisoning, infected people can suffer, fever, stomach cramps, vomiting and diarrhoea. These are caused by the toxins that the bacteria produces, salmonella is gotten by eating food contaminated with salmonella poisoning or food prepared in unhygienic conditions.

Question 37

What is the treatment for Salmonella?

Answer 37

Most Poultry (e.g chickens and turkeys) in the UK are given a vaccination against salmonella to control the spread of the disease.

Question 38

What is Gonorrhoea and how is it spread?

Answer 38

Gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted infection (STD), it is spread through sexual contact, e.g having unprotected sex.

Question 39

What type of disease is Gonorrhoea caused by?

Answer 39

Gonorrhoea is caused by bacteria

Question 40

What are the symptoms of Gonorrhoea?

Answer 40

A person may have pain urinating or have yellow or green discharge from the vagina or the penis.

Question 41

How is Gonorrhoea treated?

Answer 41

Gonorrhoea used to be treated with penicillin, but it is trickier now because strains of bacteria have become resistant to penicillin.

Question 42

How can the spread of Gonorrhoea be prevented?

Answer 42

To prevent the spread of Gonorrhoea, people can be treated with antibodies and should use barrier methods of contraceptions, such as condoms.

Question 43

How can the spread of a disease be reduced or prevented?

Answer 43

1) Being hygienic - washing your hands 2) Destroying vectors - kill the insects using insecticides 3) Isolating infected individuals - someone with a communicable disease cannot pass it on to someone else if isolated 4) Vaccination - Vaccinating means they are less likely to develop the infection then pass it on

Question 44

What is a Eukaryotic cell?

Answer 44

Eukaryotic cells are complex inside and include all animal cells and plant cells.

Question 45

What is a Prokaryotic cell?

Answer 45

Prokaryotic cells are smaller and simpler e.g bacteria