B5 Flashcards
Artery
type of blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to the tissues, under high pressure(Artery is away from the heart(AA. Artery=away
has thick, elastic wall of muscle to withstand changes in pressure when blood is being pumped. smaller lumen so blood can flow at higher pressure
Vein
blood vessels that caarry blood towards the heart t low pressure
larger lumen, thin walls
CONTAINS VALVES TO PREVENT BACKFLOW (VV Veins Valves)
Pulmonary
artery/veins that bring blood to and from the lungs (pulmonary circuit)
Coronary
Arteries/veins that suppy the heart muscle with food and oxygen, pumps directly into heart
Left vs. Right side of heart
right side is thi=n, left side is thick (more musscle tissue)
this is as the right side needs to pump blood from heart -> rest of body, which is a greater distance than from heart -> lungs.
Valves left to right
M A T P
Mitral, Aortic, Tricuspid, Pulmonary
Coronary Heart Disease
Blockage of the coronary arteries which causes limited blood flow, potentially leading to a heart attack
Factors that increase risk of CHD
- Diet
- Age
- Sex
- Lack of exercise
- Genetics
- Smoking
- Stress
Advantage of double circulation
- Transports blood at high pressure
- Allows oxygen to be transported faster to the cells
- Pulmonary circuit allows bloods to circulate in lower pressure, preventing damages to the lung tissues
- Keep the body temperature constant
Capillaries
- Small diameter (one red blood cell wide)
- Single layer of cells for the walls, shorter diffusion distance
- diffuses nutrients to every cell of the body
Platelets
Helps blood to clot, prevents blood loss & entry of pathogens
White Blood Cell
- phagocytes & lymphocytes
Phagocytes
Type of wbc, engulfs and breaks down foreign prticles (phagocytosis)
NON SPECIFIC
Lymphocytes
type of WBC, produces antibodies
antibodies are proteins that attach to SPECIFIC antigens, makes them harmless and easier for phagocytes to spot
Plasma
- liquid part of blood
- transports dissolved substances around the body
- NACHO UH
- Nutrients, Antibodies, CO2, Hormones Oxygen, Urea, Heat
Antigen
FOreign substances that trigger an immune response in the body
Pathogen
Disease-causing organism
Viruses, Protoctists, Fungi, Parasites
Active immunity
Immunity developed after the immune system makes its own antibodies
- natural after infection
- antibodies made after vaccination
lontgterm protection against a disease
Passive immunity
immunity acquired by recieveing antibodies from another organism
- moter -> baby
- transfused/injected antibodies
provides short-term/temporary protection
Body’s defences against disease
Skin, nose hair, mucus, gastric juice, WBC
how does a vaccine help with immunity?
- Vaccine contains a weakened or harmless pathogen/antigen
- Lymphocyte produces antibodies on primary exposure
- Some of these lymphocytes become memory cells, which can quickly respond to the pathogen on future response
- On secondary exposure, lymphocytes react much quicker and produce antibodies faster
- Long term immunity
