B4.3 Flashcards
what is energy released by respiration used for
movement
synthesising (making) larger molecules
active transport
synthesis of large molecules
large ones (starch/glucose) are synthesised from smaller (glucose in plant cells)
what does synthesis of large molecules involve
joining the glucose molecules (monomers) together to form a polymer (made of many units)
amino acids are synthesised from what?
glucose and nitrates
what are proteins made in?
plant animal and bacterial cells from strings of amino acids joined together
aerobic respiration releases energy through what?
the breakdown of glucose molecules by combining them with oxygen inside living cells
what respites aerobically?
majority of animal and plant cells
some micro organisms
aerobic respiration word/symbol
opposite to photosynthesis
where does anaerobic respiration take place?
conditions of low or no oxygen
examples of where anaerobic respiration happens
humans during vigorous exercise
plant roots in waterlogged soil
bacteria in puncture wounds
what respites anaerobically?
animal cells and some bacteria
anaerobic respiration word equation
animals and some bacteria
glucose —> lactic acid (+ energy released)
anaerobic word equation
plant cells and some micro organisms (yeast)
glucose. —> ethanol + carbon dioxide (+ energy released)
what does aerobic do more than anaerobic
release more energy per glucose molecule
animal cell
cell membrane
allows…
nucleus
animal cell
contains DNA that carries genetic code for making proteins including enzymes needed in respiration
cytoplasm
animal
where proteins including enzymes used in anaerobic are made
mitochondria
animal
where aerobic respiration occurs
bacteria- what don’t they have?
nucleus or mitochondria
what is yeast
a type of fungus used to make bread and alcohol
what does yeast have
mitochondria and nucleus
yeast
making bread
yeast added to dough
dough is effectively a source of glucose needed for anaerobic
yeast
brewing alcohol
what does it involve?
a fermentation process
aerobic fermentation
yeast is exposed to air and grows rapidly on sugar provided
- some alcohol is produced but majority of energy is used to produce more yeast cells
anerobic fermentation
absence of oxygen
yeast respites anaerobivally, produces alcohol and carbon dioxide instead of multiplying
