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biologyyy > B4.1 > Flashcards

B4.1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the organisms in an ecosystem called

A

Community

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2
Q

Population

A

The total number of organisms of each species

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3
Q

Types of organism

A

Producers
Consumers
Decomposers

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4
Q

Producers

A

Make their own food by photosynthesis

- plants/ algae

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5
Q

Consumers

A

Can’t make their own food

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6
Q

Decomposers

A

Type of consumer. Gain energy by feeding on dead/ decaying material

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7
Q

How is energy transferred between organisms

A
  • energy from transferred by light to chlorophyll in producers
  • produces glucose stored energy in bonds
  • glucose converted to fats/ proteins/ carbs
  • consumer eats producer - when respires the energy stored in the bonds is transferred to atp
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8
Q

What’s at the start of all food chains

A

A producer

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9
Q

What are the tropic levels

A

1 - producer
2 - primary consumer - herbivore/ omnivore
3- second consumer - carnivore/ omnivore

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10
Q

What are abiotic factors

A

Non - living factors

- rainfall/ temperature

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11
Q

What are biotic factors

A

Living factors

-beech trees/ animals

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12
Q

How does light intensity effect communities

A
  • required for photosynthesis

- evolved to grow - large SA

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13
Q

How does temperature effect communities

A
  • effect in enzymes that control metabolic reactions
  • plants develop faster in warmer conditions - higher metabolism
  • cold - blooded (lizards) require sun to warm them
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14
Q

How do moisture levels effect communities

A
  • lack of water - death
  • plants - flaccid - Wilt
  • overwatering - no oxygen/ no respiration - death
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15
Q

How does soil communities effect pH

A
  • some plants grow at different pH levels
  • acidic -ferns
  • alkaline - cucumbers
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16
Q

What do plants need to survive

A
  • light, water, carbon dioxide, minerals and space
17
Q

What do animals need to survive

A
  • food water breeding partners space and shelter
18
Q

Interdependence

A

Refers to how all organism rely on each other to survive

19
Q

What is predation

A
  • between predator and prey
20
Q

What is mutualism

A
  • both organism benefit from the relationship
21
Q

What is paratism

A
  • only one organism gains (the parasite)

- host suffers

22
Q

How to calculate biomass

A

Average mass of each organism x number of organisms present

23
Q

Why do they take the dry mass of an organism

A
  • water content varies
24
Q

How much chemical energy do consumers at each trophic level convert

A

10%

25
Q

How is biomass lost

A
  • not all eaten - eg. Bones
  • used in respiration
  • indigestible parts - egestion (removed from body as faeces)
  • extraction
26
Q

How to calculate the efficiency of biomass transfer

A

Energy after/ energy before

27
Q

What is nutrient cycling

A

How materials are passed between biotic and abiotic factors

28
Q

What are the three types of bacteria in the nitrogen cycle

A
  • nitrifying bacteria (nitrites - nitrates)
  • denitrifying bacteria (nitrates - nitrites)
  • nitrogen - foxing bacteria (root nodules)
29
Q

Basic nitrogen cycle

A
  • Nitrogen from air transfers into plants into plants by nitrogen - fixing bacteria/lightning
  • plants either eaten by animals ( excretes ammonia) or decomposes (ammonia)
  • nitrifying bacteria turns ammonia into nitrites and then nitrates
  • denitrifying break down nitrates and release into the air
30
Q

Water cycle

A

-precipitation
- percolation - through gaps in soil
- surface run off
(End up in ocean)
- ocean evaporates into water vapour
- transpiration - water vapour
- water vapour condenses

31
Q

Basic carbon cycle

A
  • plants photosynthesise - take in co2
  • plants decompose or animals eat and then decompose
  • carbon in decaying waste
    (Become fossil fuels or respire away)
  • fossil fuels burnt - releases co2

(Plants and animals respire - release co2 into atmosphere)

32
Q

How is carbon dioxide removed from atmosphere

A
  • photosynthesis
33
Q

How is carbon released into the atmosphere

A
  • respiration
  • decomposition - release co2 as they respire
  • burning fossil fuels
34
Q

How do carbon levels vary throughout the day

A
  • photosynthesis only takes place in light/ daytime - less co2 in the day
  • respiration carried out all day - more co2 at night cause there’s nothing to absorb it
35
Q

Decomposers

A

Break down animal waste

36
Q

Detrivores

A

Shredd organic material into very small pieces - larger SA

  • digest internally and absorb nutrients
  • speeds up decomposition
37
Q

How do decomposers release nutrients

A
  • secrete enzymes to break down DOM and absorb soluble nutrients back into their body
38
Q

What factors effect the rate of decomposition

A
  • warm temperatures - denaturing of enzymes - death
  • cold temp - slow rate of decomposition
  • moist environments - lack of water slows down reactions in microorganisms
  • aerobic conditions - oxygen is needed for microorganisms to respire
39
Q

How to calculate rate of decay

A

Change in mass/ time

biologyyy (15 decks)

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