B4.077 Cariopulmonary Disease in Geriatrics Flashcards
arteries
stiff
aorta
stiff
baroreceptor sensitivity
decreases; not as responsive
B-adrenergic response
decreases; not as responsive
left ventricle
stiff
atria
dilate
chest wall
stiff
joints don’t work as well
diaphragm
weakens
bronchi
stiff
alveoli
lose their elastic recoil
atelectasis
veins
stiff, valves don’t work as well
which type of heart failure is associated with aging?
diastolic
why does aortic stenosis occur with aging?
thickening and calcification of the valve leaflets
why do you have to be careful with BP management in older patients?
aorta is stiffer and less compliant
need higher pressure to get blood out
lowering BP too much could result in orthostatic hypotension
why does a-fib occur in older populations?
dilation of atria results in subsequent dilation of the conduction system
fewer pacer cells present
what 3 characteristics make elderly populations more susceptible to pneumonia
waning immune system
reduce ciliary function, decreased effectiveness of mucociliary elevator
decreased ability to cough
what 3 factors make elderly populations more susceptible to PEs
inactivity
stiff valves in veins
weaker muscles struggle to circulate blood effectively
common cardiopulm complications in hospitalized seniors
a fib
CHF
DVT/PE
penumonia
common cardiac syndromes in aging
aortic stenosis a fib coronary ischemia DVT/PE diastolic HF isolated systolic hypertension systolic HF orthostatic hypotension
physiologic change leading to systolic hypertension
decreased compliance
mechanism of decreased arterial compliance
fibrosis
loss of elasticity
physiologic change leading to atherosclerosis
vascular intimal thickening
decreased arterial compliance
mechanism of atherosclerosis
elastin fragmentation
fibrosis
loss of elasticity
altered tissue repair
physiologic change leading to LV dysfunction
increased LV wall thickness
mechanism of LV dysfunction
increased myocyte size
physiologic change leading to a fib
increased atrial volume
decreased SA node automaticity
physiologic change leading to orthostatic hypotension
decreased baroreceptor sensitivity
decreased arterial compliance
how can older people present with vitals that would make a younger person much much sicker?
less reflex responses to changes
body doesn’t react to stress at same levels
