B4.051 - Acid Base Balance and Ventilation Prework 1 Flashcards
what is normal PaO2
95
what is normal PaCO2
40
what is normal pH
7.4
what is normal HCO3-
24
what factors stimulate alveolar ventilation
decreased PaO2
increased PaCO2
Decreased arterial pH
how long does metabolic compensation take to develop in the setting of respiratory acid base disturbances
several days
how long does it take for respiratory compenation to occur in the setting of a metabolic acid base disturbance
it occurs very rapidly
what is the slope of the plasma buffer curve
-10 mmol HCO3- per pH unit
describe how the change in PaCO2 changes pH
each change in 10 mmHg PaCO2 causes a change in pH of .08
if PaCO2 increases by 20 mmHg due to alveolar hypoventilation acutely what happens to arterial pH
decreases by .16
asthma attack for example
if PaCO2 is increased due to COPD what will the pH be
higher than 7.24 because of metabolic compensation
this is a chronic condition
if PaCO2 is decreased by 20 mmHg how does this change arterial pH in an acute setting
increases by .16 to 7.56
what is the main form of hydrogen excretion in the body
expiration
how does pH relate to PCO2 and bicarb
pH is directly proportional to bicarbonate concentration and inversely proportional to PCO2
identify the acid base disorder and an example of a cause
Respiratory acidosis
Short term hypoventilation
identify the acid base disturbance and an example of a cause
respiratory acidosis
Metabolic compensation
Prolonged hypoventilation like COPD
identify the acid base disturbance and examples of causes
respiratory alkalosis
Short term hyperventilation
Anxiety induced hyperventilation, short duration at high altitude
identify the acdi base disturbance and some causes
respiratory alkalosis
metabolic compensation
Chronic hyperventilation (weeks at high altitude)
identify the acid base disturbance and some causes
metabolic acidosis
Uncompensated diabetes
Lactic acid production due to shock
identify the acid base disturbance and some causes
metabolic acidosis
respiratory compensation
identify the acid base disturbance and some causes
metabolic alkalosis
Loss of gastric acid due to vomiting or nasogastric suction
identify the acid base disturbance
metabolic alkalosis
respiratory compensation
what happens to PaCO2 and HCO3- in compensated and uncompensated respiratory acidosis
Uncompensated - PaCO2 increased HCO3- increased slightly
Compensated - PaCO2 increased and HCO3- increased moreso (urine will be acidic)
what happens to PaCO2 and HCO3- in compensated and uncompensated metabolic acidosis
uncompensated - PaCO2 is normal and HCO3 is decreased
compensated - PaCO2 is decreased due to alveolar hyperventilation and HCO3- is decreased even more
what happens to PaCO2 and HCO3- in compensated and uncompensated respiratory alkalosis
uncompensated - PaCO2 is decreased and HCO3 - is decreased slightly
compensated - PaCO2 is still decreased and HCO3- is decreased even more due to metabolic compensation (urine will be alkalotic)
what happens to PaCO2 and HCO3- in compensated and uncompensated metabolic alkalosis
uncompensated - PaCO2 is normal and HCO3- is increased
compensated - PaCO2 is increased due to alveolar hypoventilation and HCO3- is increased even more
