B4.051 - Acid Base Balance and Ventilation Prework 1

Question 1

what is normal PaO2

Answer 1

95

Question 2

what is normal PaCO2

Answer 2

40

Question 3

what is normal pH

Answer 3

7.4

Question 4

what is normal HCO3-

Answer 4

24

Question 5

what factors stimulate alveolar ventilation

Answer 5

decreased PaO2

increased PaCO2

Decreased arterial pH

Question 6

how long does metabolic compensation take to develop in the setting of respiratory acid base disturbances

Answer 6

several days

Question 7

how long does it take for respiratory compenation to occur in the setting of a metabolic acid base disturbance

Answer 7

it occurs very rapidly

Question 8

what is the slope of the plasma buffer curve

Answer 8

-10 mmol HCO3- per pH unit

Question 9

describe how the change in PaCO2 changes pH

Answer 9

each change in 10 mmHg PaCO2 causes a change in pH of .08

Question 10

if PaCO2 increases by 20 mmHg due to alveolar hypoventilation acutely what happens to arterial pH

Answer 10

decreases by .16

asthma attack for example

Question 11

if PaCO2 is increased due to COPD what will the pH be

Answer 11

higher than 7.24 because of metabolic compensation

this is a chronic condition

Question 12

if PaCO2 is decreased by 20 mmHg how does this change arterial pH in an acute setting

Answer 12

increases by .16 to 7.56

Question 13

what is the main form of hydrogen excretion in the body

Answer 13

expiration

Question 14

how does pH relate to PCO2 and bicarb

Answer 14

pH is directly proportional to bicarbonate concentration and inversely proportional to PCO2

Question 15

identify the acid base disorder and an example of a cause

Answer 15

Respiratory acidosis

Short term hypoventilation

Question 16

identify the acid base disturbance and an example of a cause

Answer 16

respiratory acidosis

Metabolic compensation

Prolonged hypoventilation like COPD

Question 17

identify the acid base disturbance and examples of causes

Answer 17

respiratory alkalosis

Short term hyperventilation

Anxiety induced hyperventilation, short duration at high altitude

Question 18

identify the acdi base disturbance and some causes

Answer 18

respiratory alkalosis

metabolic compensation

Chronic hyperventilation (weeks at high altitude)

Question 19

identify the acid base disturbance and some causes

Answer 19

metabolic acidosis

Uncompensated diabetes

Lactic acid production due to shock

Question 20

identify the acid base disturbance and some causes

Answer 20

metabolic acidosis

respiratory compensation

Question 21

identify the acid base disturbance and some causes

Answer 21

metabolic alkalosis

Loss of gastric acid due to vomiting or nasogastric suction

Question 22

identify the acid base disturbance

Answer 22

metabolic alkalosis

respiratory compensation

Question 23

what happens to PaCO2 and HCO3- in compensated and uncompensated respiratory acidosis

Answer 23

Uncompensated - PaCO2 increased HCO3- increased slightly

Compensated - PaCO2 increased and HCO3- increased moreso (urine will be acidic)

Question 24

what happens to PaCO2 and HCO3- in compensated and uncompensated metabolic acidosis

Answer 24

uncompensated - PaCO2 is normal and HCO3 is decreased

compensated - PaCO2 is decreased due to alveolar hyperventilation and HCO3- is decreased even more

Question 25

what happens to PaCO2 and HCO3- in compensated and uncompensated respiratory alkalosis

Answer 25

uncompensated - PaCO2 is decreased and HCO3 - is decreased slightly

compensated - PaCO2 is still decreased and HCO3- is decreased even more due to metabolic compensation (urine will be alkalotic)

Question 26

what happens to PaCO2 and HCO3- in compensated and uncompensated metabolic alkalosis

Answer 26

uncompensated - PaCO2 is normal and HCO3- is increased

compensated - PaCO2 is increased due to alveolar hypoventilation and HCO3- is increased even more

Question 27

Answer 27

Question 28

Answer 28

Question 29

Answer 29

Question 30

Answer 30

Question 31

Answer 31