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RC Test 3 > B4.046 - Cardiovascular Embryology Prework 2 > Flashcards

B4.046 - Cardiovascular Embryology Prework 2 Flashcards

1
Q

when does atrial septation happen

A

weeks 4-7

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2
Q

when does ventricular septation happen

A

weeks 4-7

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3
Q

identify what each of these structures turns into

A

orange - pulm. artery and aorta

dark orange - valves of aorta and pulm a.

red - right ventricle

pink - left ventricle

purple - both atria

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4
Q

how does the endocardial cushion form

A

The myocardium deposits a unique extracellular matrix between the endocardium and itself

Endocardial cells in a certain region undergo an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation

Mesenchymal cells (migrating endocardial cushion cells) aid in formation of the atrioventricular canal

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5
Q

what regio does endocardium derived cushion tissue form in

A

atrioventricular region and the outflow tract region

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6
Q

the outflow tract region is also populated by what

A

invading neural crest cells

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7
Q

fusion of opposing cushion tissues forms what

A

2 atrioventricular canals, and the outlets of both ventricles, the aorta and pulmonary trunk

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8
Q

the conotruncal cushions contribute to what structure

A

membranous portion of the interventricular septum

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9
Q

describe the heart at day 30

A
  1. atrial pertitioning just beginning to happen
  2. primary interventricular foramen undivided
  3. outflow tract (bulbus cordis/truncus arteriosus) undivided
  4. proximal portion of bulbus cordis becomes trabeculated and forms the right ventricle
  5. atrioventricular canal undivided
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10
Q

describe the septum primum

A

grows down from common atrium roof towards the endocardial cushions in the atrioventricular canal

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11
Q

what is the formaen (ostium) primum

A

connects the right and left atrium

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12
Q

identify the 2 structures pointed out here

A

top - foramen secundum

bottom - foramen premum

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13
Q

what happens in the 5th week to the septum primum

A

programmed cell death creates new openings in the septum primum near the superior edge, called the foramen secundum

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14
Q

what happens to the endocardial cushions in the 5th week

A

grow along septum primum and close foramen primum

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15
Q

what happesn to the septum secundum in the 5th week of life

A

it forms to the right of teh septum primum

it grows down and fuses with an intermediate septum by the end of teh 6th week, but a foramen ovale persists throughout embryonic development

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16
Q

what happens to the septum secundum in the 6th week of development

A

it grows down and fuses with an intermediate septum but a foramen ovale persists throughout embryonic development

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17
Q

what is the function of the foramen ovale, in the septum secundum and foramen secundum in teh septum primum

A

it allows the blood to flow from right atrum to left atrium, but not left to right

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18
Q

what happens in the 6th week of development

A

the septum primum meets and fuses with the septum intermedium

the foramen secundum is obliterated and the right and left atria are now separated.

Blood flows through the foramen ovale when its valve is open, but not when its closed

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19
Q

during the 5th week of development what happens when the medial walls of the expanding ventricles become apposed

A

it formes the muscular interventricular septum

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20
Q

what is the interventricular foramen

A

its the foramen between the muscular IV septum and the endocardial cushions, it remains open until about day 37

21
Q

what closes the IV foramen

A

the formation of the membranous portion of the IV septum, outgrowth of endocardial cushions towards muscular IV septum

22
Q

what cell type contributes to the membranous part of IV septum

A

neural crest cell derivatives

23
Q

outflow tract septation contribute to what on day 37

A

membranous IV septum

24
Q

when does formation of the atrioventricular valves happen

A

5th to 8th weeks

25
Q

what are conotrucal swellings or cushions

A

they form a spiral within the outflow of the beating heart while growing towards the aortic sac. On opposite walls they form the aorticopulmonary septum to divide the outflow of the heart into 2 spiraling channels, one for the aorta and one for the pulmonary trunk

26
Q

the lower portion of the AP septum contributes to what

A

upper (membranous) portion of the IV septum

27
Q

what do neural crest cells contribute to

A

the conotruncal ridges in truncus arteriosus (aslo membranous IV septum)

28
Q

what contributes to the formation of semilunar (aortic and pulmonart artery) valves

A

Outflow cushion with contribution from neural crest

29
Q

where are SA node cells originated from

A

caudal end of left heart tube, later sinus venosus, then right atrium

30
Q

where are AV node and bundle of His cells derived from

A
  1. cells in teh left wall of the sinus venosus
  2. cells from the atrioventricular canal
31
Q

when is circulation established

A

week 4

32
Q

what does arch 1 form in adults

A

part of maxillary arteirs (head)

33
Q

what does arch 2 form in adults

A

parts of hyoid and stapadial arteries (in neck and head)

34
Q

what does arch 3 form in adults **

A

common and part of internal carotid artery (in neck)

External carotid forms from sprout off 3rd arch

35
Q

what does arch 4 form in adults

A

right subclavian artery (R) and arch of the aorta (L)

36
Q

what does arch 5 form

A

Trick question!!! IT REGRESSES!!

37
Q

what does arch 6 form in adults

A

pulmonary arteries, ductus arteriosus

38
Q

what doe vitelline arties do

A

supply yolk sac; eventually fuse and form vessels to gut

39
Q

what do paired umbilical arteries form

A

(ventral branches of dorsal aortae) course to placenta

40
Q

describe coronary artery formation

A

Partially arise from epicardium following EMT (epithelial to mesenchymal transformation); mesenchymal cells contribute to endothelial and smooth muscle cells

41
Q

how do neural crest cells contribute to coronart arteries

A

contribute to smooth muscle cells along proximal segments of coronary arteries

42
Q

coronary arties grow into what structure

A

the aorta to establish blood flow to the heart muscle

43
Q

what do vitelline veins become

A

portal veinous system

44
Q

what does the umbillical vein do

A

carries blood from the placenta to the embryo

45
Q

what do the cardinal veins do

A

drain the body of the embryo; will form superior vena cava

46
Q

what to all veins drain to

A

sinus venosus

47
Q

while cardinal veins are initially bilateral, as they return blood to eh right and left horn of the sinus venosus portion of the heart what happens

A

venous system shifts to the right

48
Q

what happens to the right horn of the sinus venosus

A

becomes incorporated into the wall of the right atrium

49
Q

what happens to the left horn of the sinus venosus

A

becomes the coronary sinus (major venous drainage for blood that has perfused myocardium)

RC Test 3 (15 decks)

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