B4 unit Flashcards
How is cancer caused?
Cancer is caused by an un-controllable division in cells.
Normal cells divide when told so. How are cancer cells different?
Cancer cells divide when they want to divide, which is very often.
What factors in environment can cause mutations
Air pollution because the smoke can cause the cells to change how they act.
When proto-oncogenes are changed, what are they called and what do they cause
They are called oncogenes, and they cause un-regulated cell growth.
what is angiogenesis and what does it lead to?
Angiogenesis is the creation of blood vessels. This leads to an easier path for metastasis to occur.
What is the function of tumor suppressor genes and what happens if they are damaged?
Tumor suppressors are what tells the cells to kill themselves if there is a danger. If they are damaged they can’t tell the cells to kill themselves to protect the body.
What is the difference in apoptosis in normal cells vs cancer cells?
In normal cells, apoptosis causes a certain amount of cell deaths. In cancer cells, they allow less cell deaths, allowing cancer cells to survive and duplicate longer.
why are cancers so hard to treat?
It’s hard to treat because it’s the cells that are damaged. So if you want to kill the bad cells, you’ll end up killing a lot of good cells at the same time.
What’s an endoscopy?
Used to get a detailed view of the organs and treat certain things. It’s a long tube that is passed down into your esophagus to view and treat your stomach and surrounding organs.
What’s thermography?
It uses thermal imaging to view your blood flow.
What’s an x-ray?
A scan that scans your bone structures. And is used to tell if you have broken bones or fractured ribs.
What’s a fluoroscopy?
A video scan to view the movements of the body. It’s used to diagnose heart conditions and help orthopedic surgeons.
What’s a CT scan?
A scan that scans your whole body. It is considered a much more powerful x-ray. It is used to diagnose disease and look at inner trauma.
What’s an MRI?
An MRI is like a CT scan but more powerful. It looks closer at structures and organs, and because it’s so powerful it’s usually used to look at the brain.
What’s a PET scan?
A pet scan is a scan that shows how your organs work. This scan can detect early signs of cancer and brain conditions.
