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Biology > B4 - The Processes Of Life > Flashcards

B4 - The Processes Of Life Flashcards

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0
Q

What are DNA?

A

They contain genetic codes

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1
Q

What do all cells contain?

A

DNA and organelles

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2
Q

What are organelles?

A

Parts of the cells structure that allows the cell to preform specific functions

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3
Q

What parts do animals have in them?

A

Cytoplasm, mitochondria, a nucleus and a cell membrane

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4
Q

What is the cytoplasm?

A

Where chemical reactions take place (anaerobic respiration)

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5
Q

What is the mitochondria?

A

Contains the enzymes needed for aerobic respiration

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6
Q

What is the nucleus?

A

Contains the DNA and controls the cell

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7
Q

What is the cell membrane?

A

Something that allows chemicals like gases and water to pass through

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8
Q

What parts do plant cells have?

A

Cell wall, vacuole, cytoplasm, cell membrane, chloroplast, mitochondrion and nucleus

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9
Q

What is the cell wall?

A

Strengthens the cell by being made of cellulose

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10
Q

What is the vacuole?

A

Helps support the cell

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11
Q

What are the chloroplasts?

A

Contains chlorophyll which absorbs light energy and also contains some enzymes needed for photosynthesis

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12
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Protein molecules that speed up the rate of chemical reactions in cells

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13
Q

What do enzymes need to work at the optimum?

A

A specific temperature

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14
Q

What happens after the optimum enzyme activity is reached?

A

The active site is damaged and starts to slow down, eventually it stops working and therefore is denatured

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15
Q

What does the lock and key model explain?

A

How only a molecule with the correct shape can fit into an enzyme

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16
Q

What is the active site?

A

The place where the molecule fits into the enzyme

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17
Q

How can the active site be changed?

A

Heating the enzyme above a certain temperature and altering the pH level

18
Q

What is respiration?

A

The release of energy from food chemicals in all living cells

19
Q

What are the two types of respiration?

A

Aerobic and anaerobic

20
Q

What is aerobic respiration?

A

Respiration using oxygen; releases energy and produces carbon dioxide and water

21
Q

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

A

Glucose + Oxygen = Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy released

22
Q

What is the symbol equation for aerobic respiration?

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O

23
Q

Where does aerobic respiration occur?

A

In animal cells, plant cells and microbial cells

24
Q

What is the energy released in aerobic respiration used for?

A

Movement and active transport

25
Q

What is anaerobic respiration?

A

The process of releasing energy from glucose in living cells without oxygen to produce a small amount of energy quickly

26
Q

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plant cells

A

Glucose = Carbon dioxide + Ethanol + Energy released

27
Q

What’s the difference between the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plant cells and animals cells?

A

Lactic acid replaced Carbon dioxide + Ethanol

28
Q

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in animal cells?

A

Glucose = Lactic acid + Energy released

29
Q

Give examples of when anaerobic respiration occurs?

A

When no or little oxygen is present so when plant root cell are waterlogged, vigorous exercise (100m)

30
Q

Why is aerobic respiration more efficient than anaerobic respiration?

A

Because it released much more energy per glucose molecule

31
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

The chemical process that takes place in green plants to produce glucose

32
Q

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide + Water = Glucose + Oxygen

33
Q

What is the symbol equation for photosynthesis?

A

6CO2 + 6H2O = C6 H12 O6 + 6O2

34
Q

What is a polymer?

A

A long chain molecule made from copies of the same thing (example glucose)

35
Q

What are the limiting factors for photosynthesis?

A

Temperature, Carbon dioxide concentration and Light intensity

36
Q

What is a quadrat?

A

Anything within a defined area

37
Q

What is a transect?

A

A random section across an area

38
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The overall movement of substances from regions of high concentration to low concentration

39
Q

What substances move in and out of cells by diffusion?

A

Oxygen, Carbon dioxide and Dissolved food

40
Q

How are nitrates from the soil absorbed by plants?

A

Active transport

41
Q

Why does a plant use active transport to get nitrates from the soil and not diffusion?

A

Because nitrates outside the plant has lower concentrations than inside it so energy from respiration is needed to absorb them by active transport

42
Q

What is active transport?

A

The movement of a substance against a concentration gradient (regions of low concentration to high) requiring energy from respiration

43
Q

What is osmosis?

A

A type of diffusion but in water from a dilute solution to a concentrated dilution through a partially permeable membrane

Biology (6 decks)

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