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Biology Paper 1 > B4 - Photosynthesis and Respiration > Flashcards

B4 - Photosynthesis and Respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

A

carbon dioxide + water -> glucose + oxygen

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2
Q

what is the function of chlorophyll

A

captures light energy

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3
Q

3 limiting factors of photosynthesis

A

temperature, light intensity,carbon dioxide concentration

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4
Q

where does photosynthesis occur in a plant cell

A

chloroplasts

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5
Q

Name 4 ways glucose produced in photosynthesis is used in plants.

A

Used for respiration
Used to produce cellulose which strengthens the cell wall
Used to produce amino acids for protein synthesis
Fats and oils

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6
Q

What energy transfer occurs in photosynthesis?

A

Light energy to chemical energy

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7
Q

State the balanced chemical symbol equation for photosynthesis.

A

6CO₂ + 6H₂O -> C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

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8
Q

Is photosynthesis an endo- or exothermic reaction?

A

Endothermic

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9
Q

What are chloroplasts filled with?

A

chlorophyll

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10
Q

What else, other than glucose, do plants need to produce proteins?

A

Nitrate ions

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11
Q

Where are mineral ions absorbed from and through which plant organ?

A

From the soil, through the roots

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12
Q

why is photosynthesis endothermic

A

because it requires light energy to react carbon dioxide with water to produce glucose and oxygen

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13
Q

how does temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis

A

at first it increases the rate but at a certain point it levels of and then decreases because the enzymes begin the denature

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14
Q

how does light intensity affect the rate of photosynthesis

A

the rate increases but at some point a factor becomes limiting which decreases the rate and levels it off.

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15
Q

What are the control variables in a experiment investigating the effects of light intensity on photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide concentration
Water temperature

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16
Q

Why is glucose converted into starch?

A

Excess glucose is stored as starch to avoid it being lost, as glucose is a soluble material.

17
Q

Why would a leaf deprived of light contain glucose but not starch?

A

Starch stores have been converted into glucose so the glucose can be used for respiration.
As there is no light to make new glucose by photosynthesis.

18
Q

What is anaerobic respiration and where does it occur in cells?

A

Respiration WITHOUT oxygen, in the cytoplasm

19
Q

Is respiration an endo- or exothermic reaction?

A

Exothermic

20
Q

State the balanced symbol equation for aerobic respiration.

A

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ -> 6CO₂ + 6H₂O

21
Q

State the word equation for anaerobic respiration in animal cells.

A

Glucose -> lactic acid

22
Q

State the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plant and yeast cells.

A

Glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide

23
Q

Which transfers more energy, aerobic or anaerobic respiration?

A

aerobic respiration

24
Q

Why do heart rate, breathing rate and breathe volume increase when the body needs more energy?

A

To increase the oxygenation of the blood and to supply the muscles with more oxygenated blood

25
Q

What does a build-up of lactic acid cause in muscles?

A

Muscle fatigue

26
Q

What is an oxygen debt?

A

The amount of extra oxygen the body needs after exercise to react with the accumulated lactic acid and remove it from the cells

27
Q

What is produced when enzymes chemically break down proteins?

A

Amino acids

28
Q

What is “metabolism”?

A

The sum of all the reactions in a cell or the body

29
Q

Where is lactic acid converted back into glucose?

A

The liver

30
Q

What is produced when enzymes chemically break down carbohydrates?

A

Simple sugar monomers

31
Q

What is produced when enzymes chemically break down proteins?

A

Amino acids

32
Q

what does respiration supply which is needed by all living organisms?

A

energy

33
Q

What are the two products of anaerobic respiration in plant cells?

A

carbon dioxide
ethanol

34
Q

What is a cause of an anomalous result?

A

Scale misread.

Biology Paper 1 (4 decks)

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