B4 - Photosynthesis and Respiration Flashcards
What is the word equation for photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide + water -> glucose + oxygen
what is the function of chlorophyll
captures light energy
3 limiting factors of photosynthesis
temperature, light intensity,carbon dioxide concentration
where does photosynthesis occur in a plant cell
chloroplasts
Name 4 ways glucose produced in photosynthesis is used in plants.
Used for respiration
Used to produce cellulose which strengthens the cell wall
Used to produce amino acids for protein synthesis
Fats and oils
What energy transfer occurs in photosynthesis?
Light energy to chemical energy
State the balanced chemical symbol equation for photosynthesis.
6CO₂ + 6H₂O -> C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
Is photosynthesis an endo- or exothermic reaction?
Endothermic
What are chloroplasts filled with?
chlorophyll
What else, other than glucose, do plants need to produce proteins?
Nitrate ions
Where are mineral ions absorbed from and through which plant organ?
From the soil, through the roots
why is photosynthesis endothermic
because it requires light energy to react carbon dioxide with water to produce glucose and oxygen
how does temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis
at first it increases the rate but at a certain point it levels of and then decreases because the enzymes begin the denature
how does light intensity affect the rate of photosynthesis
the rate increases but at some point a factor becomes limiting which decreases the rate and levels it off.
What are the control variables in a experiment investigating the effects of light intensity on photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide concentration
Water temperature
Why is glucose converted into starch?
Excess glucose is stored as starch to avoid it being lost, as glucose is a soluble material.
Why would a leaf deprived of light contain glucose but not starch?
Starch stores have been converted into glucose so the glucose can be used for respiration.
As there is no light to make new glucose by photosynthesis.
What is anaerobic respiration and where does it occur in cells?
Respiration WITHOUT oxygen, in the cytoplasm
Is respiration an endo- or exothermic reaction?
Exothermic
State the balanced symbol equation for aerobic respiration.
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ -> 6CO₂ + 6H₂O
State the word equation for anaerobic respiration in animal cells.
Glucose -> lactic acid
State the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plant and yeast cells.
Glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide
Which transfers more energy, aerobic or anaerobic respiration?
aerobic respiration
Why do heart rate, breathing rate and breathe volume increase when the body needs more energy?
To increase the oxygenation of the blood and to supply the muscles with more oxygenated blood
What does a build-up of lactic acid cause in muscles?
Muscle fatigue
What is an oxygen debt?
The amount of extra oxygen the body needs after exercise to react with the accumulated lactic acid and remove it from the cells
What is produced when enzymes chemically break down proteins?
Amino acids
What is “metabolism”?
The sum of all the reactions in a cell or the body
Where is lactic acid converted back into glucose?
The liver
What is produced when enzymes chemically break down carbohydrates?
Simple sugar monomers
What is produced when enzymes chemically break down proteins?
Amino acids
what does respiration supply which is needed by all living organisms?
energy
What are the two products of anaerobic respiration in plant cells?
carbon dioxide
ethanol
What is a cause of an anomalous result?
Scale misread.
