B4 organising plants and animals

Question 1

What are the 4 things in blood?

Answer 1

Platelets
Plasma
Red blood cells
White blood cells

Question 2

What does plasma carry

Answer 2

All blood cells
Carbon dioxide
Urea
Soluble nutrients from digestion

Question 3

What do red blood cells do?

Answer 3

Carry oxygen from lungs and transport it to different cells in different parts of the body for respiration

Question 4

What are Red Blood cells ‘ adaptions

Answer 4

-Biconcave gives bigger surface area for oxygen diffusion
-Has a protein called haemoglobin that binds to oxygen
-No nucleus for more space for haemoglobin

Question 5

What are white blood cells role?

Answer 5

Protection against microorganism and viral infections.Lymphocytes make antibodies against viruses and Phagocytes digest pathogens.

Question 6

What are platelets?

Answer 6

Broken up pieces of cells that stop blood clotting at the site of a wound.Fibrinogen turns into fibrin and holds the platelets together and stops blood leaking out and pathogens entering.

Question 7

What are arteries?

Answer 7

Carry oxygenated red blood from the heart to the different parts of the body. Arteries have thick elastic muscular walls to control the high blood pressure.

Question 8

What are veins?

Answer 8

The veins are blood vessels that carry purple deoxygenated blood back to the heart with the help of skeletal muscles. They have valves to stop blood backflowing.

Question 9

What are capillaries?

Answer 9

Tiny vessels that link arteries and veins together. Thin walls with holes so oxygen glucose and CO2 can diffuse easily out.

Question 10

What are the 2 circulatory system in the double circulatory systems?

Answer 10

Pulmonary where the veins bring the blood to the lung capillaries and arteries bring it to the heart with oxygen.
Systematic system where the arteries pump from the heart to the body and the veins move it back to the heart

Question 11

What is the heart made up of and how does the substance get oxygen

Answer 11

The heart is made up of cardiac muscle and is supplied oxygen from the coronary arteries

Question 12

What do the left and right atria do ?

Answer 12

Blood comes in the right atrium from the vena cava(on the left side of the diagram with the deoxygenated blue side) and get pumps to the lungs while the left atrium is where oxygenated blood is entered from the lungs.

Question 13

What is the artery going into the lung and the vein going into the heart from the lung called.

Answer 13

Into lung-Pulmonary artery
Into heart from lung-Pulmonary vein

Question 14

What is the blood vessel in the heart that pumps oxygenated blood into the body from the left ventricle.

Answer 14

The aorta

Question 15

Why would the muscle wall on the left ventricle be thicker than the right?

Answer 15

The right ventricle needs a thinner wall so it has less blood pressure to not damage the lung capillaries but the left venticle needs a lot more pressure to pump the blood through the body.

Question 16

What are some treatments for leaky valves?

Answer 16

Mechanical valves or valves from an animal would be put in you by a doctor.

Question 17

What is an artificial pacemaker.

Answer 17

When the heart beats irregularly it can cause issues so the pacemaker can simulate the beating of the heart.

Question 18

What is an artificial hearts job?

Answer 18

Sometimes transplants arent available so artificial plants must be used temporarily until a transport is found to save a person. They mimic a heart.

Question 19

What is the ventilation systems job

Answer 19

To move air in and out of the lungs efficiently.

Question 20

How does oxygen get into the blood and co2 out

Answer 20

When oxygen air fills the lungs when you breathe, oxygen diffuses into your bloodstream via alveolus and capillaries. When breathing out this leaves a steep concentration gradient so the co2 diffuses out.

Question 21

What the adaptations of the alveoli?

Answer 21

-They have a large surface are to have more efficient diffusion oxygen and co2
-Rich blood supply from capillaries to get a steep concentration gradient
-Thin walls to maximise diffusion

Question 23

What do epidermal tissues do?

Answer 23

they waterproof the leaves with wax and protect them

Question 24

what does palisade mesophyll do

Answer 24

contains the chloroplasts for photosynthesis

Question 25

What does spongy mesophyll contain and do?

Answer 25

contains lots of pores and a large surface area to maximise diffusion of gases

Question 26

What does phloem do?

Answer 26

Transport the glucose made from photosynthesis from the leaves to the other parts of the plants.It also transports food to the storage area where it can be used in winter.Phloem cells are alive.

Question 27

What does xylem do?

Answer 27

Carries water and mineral ions from the roots in the soil to the mesophyll cells to use in photosynthesis.xylem cells are dead.In most plants the xylem is the wood.

Question 28

Why is transpiration important?

Answer 28

the cells need glucose for respiration and the mineral ions are used in making cells and proteins.