B3 organisation and the digestive system Flashcards
What is a tissue?
a group of cells that have similar structure and function working together
What is a organ?
A collection of tissues that all working together to perform a specific function
3 types of tissues in the stomach and their function
Muscular tissue churn the food and digestive systems together
Glandular tissue produces the digestive juice
Epithelial tissue-Covers the inside and outside of the organ
What is an organ system
a collection of organ with adaptations to perform their task for the human body
What is the digestive system for?
To absorb nutrients from food and transfer to the bloodstream as they would be too big to fit in.
What do enzymes do?
Break up food in to smaller soluble particles
How is the small intestine adapted to perform digestion?
Lots of microvilli which have a large surface area and blood supply to have more space for diffusion to take in nutrients.
What do the different organs so in the digestive system.
Salivary glands have amylase to digest carbs
the stomach have acids and churns the food and is where protein is digested
the pancreas produces enzymes like protease and lipase and amylase
the small intestine is where the nutrients is extracted and where the enzymes meet the food
the liver makes bile that digests fat and vitamins
large intestine has bacteria to digest some carbs and extracts the water from the stool
What is carbohydrates for?
energy for metabolic reaction
What is lipids for?
the most efficient store of energy, hormones and cell structure and the brain
What are proteins used for
Are made of amino acids
for tissues and cells and growth and body repair and enzymes
What are enzymes?
Biological catalysts and they have a active site that is complementary to the substrate that fits in the active site and gets broken down
Why are enzymes important in metabolism?
They speed the amount of reactions making it more efficient
How does temperature affect enzymes?
Enzymes get more active when the temperature rises as they kinetic energy increases so the amount of collisions occur
At 37 degrees which is the optimum close to the body temperature where they work best
After 40 degrees the amino acid bonds break and the active site is no longer complementary to the substrate so the enzyme is denatured.
How does a change in pH affect enzymes
The pH affects the bonds of the active site denaturing it