B4 - Organising Animals And Plants Flashcards
What are the four components that make up blood and their percentage?
Plasma- 55%
Red Blood Cell- 45%
White Blood Cell- 1%
Platelets- 1%
What is the structure of Plasma?
Plasma contains about 90 percent water, with 10 percent being made up of ions, dissolved gases.
What is the structure of Red Blood Cells?
It contains oxygen and haemoglobin but with no nucleus, in a Bioconcave Disc.
What is the structure of White Blood Cells?
Much bigger then red blood cells and they have a nucleus and are more rigid.
What is the structure of Platelets?
They are cell fragments and they have a nucleus.
What is the Function of Plasma?
It transports red and white blood cells all around the body, also it carries waste carbon dioxide and waste urea.
What is the Function of Red Blood Cells?
They carry oxygen from the lungs to the cells that need it around the body.
What is the Function of White Blood Cells?
They protect our body from microorganisms and viruses by creating antibodies and antitoxins.
What is the Function of Platelets?
They are very important so the blood clots (becomes thick) at a wound so that new skin can be made and bacteria can not get in.
What do arteries do?
Carry lood away your heart to the organs of your body. They do this by stretching forcing the blood to go through , this creates a lot of pressure and is why it is dangerous if you cut a artery.
What do veins do?
Veins carry blood away from the organs towards the heart (de-oxygenated blood), they do this through valves and allows blood to flow through but if it starts to flow backwards then valves close.
What do Capillaries do?
They form a huge network of tiny vessels linking the arteries and the veins, they easily allow oxygen and glucose to diffuse into our cells but also the bi-product of carbon-dioxide to come back into the blood.
What is the structure of Arteries?
Thick walls cotaining muscle and elastic fibres.
What is the structure of Veins?
They have relativly thin walls and often have valves.
What is the structure of Capillaries?
They are narrow with very thin walls.
What is a Stent?
A stent is a metal mesh that is placed in the artery with a balloon to inflate it so blood vessel can open up (if blocked) and it remains in place
What are Statins?
A medicine that reduces blood cholesterol levels which slows down the rate of which fatty material is deposited in the coronary arteries, used by people with cardiovascular disease .
What are Artificial Valves?
There are two types of valves that can replace in: Biological valves or Mechanical Valves. Mechanical valves are made out of titanium and polymer but you must take medicine for the rest of your life so blood does not clot around it. Biological valves are based on animals and human donors valves but they must be replaced.
What are Artificial Pacemakers?
It is a electrical device used to correct irregularities in the heart rate which is implanted into your chest and attached to your heart with two wires.
What is a heart Transplant?
It is when someone gets a doner heart from another person, with the same tissue match.
What is a Artificial Heart?
Sometimes a heart can not be given in time so so they don’t die so and temporary artificial heart is given to keep them alive until they get a heart donor or so there diseased heart can recover.
What is the Gas Exchange?
It is when oxygen moves from the lungs to the blood stream through the cluster of Alveloi.
Why is Gas Exchange important for the Body?
It is important for the body as it means all the cells can get oxygen very efficently which they need to function.
What happens to the lungs when breathing in and out?
Breathing in - increased volume mean lower pressure in the chest
Breathing out- deacreased volume means increased pressure in the chest.
