B4 - Organising Animals And Plants

Question 1

What are the four components that make up blood and their percentage?

Answer 1

Plasma- 55%
Red Blood Cell- 45%
White Blood Cell- 1%
Platelets- 1%

Question 2

What is the structure of Plasma?

Answer 2

Plasma contains about 90 percent water, with 10 percent being made up of ions, dissolved gases.

Question 3

What is the structure of Red Blood Cells?

Answer 3

It contains oxygen and haemoglobin but with no nucleus, in a Bioconcave Disc.

Question 4

What is the structure of White Blood Cells?

Answer 4

Much bigger then red blood cells and they have a nucleus and are more rigid.

Question 5

What is the structure of Platelets?

Answer 5

They are cell fragments and they have a nucleus.

Question 6

What is the Function of Plasma?

Answer 6

It transports red and white blood cells all around the body, also it carries waste carbon dioxide and waste urea.

Question 7

What is the Function of Red Blood Cells?

Answer 7

They carry oxygen from the lungs to the cells that need it around the body.

Question 8

What is the Function of White Blood Cells?

Answer 8

They protect our body from microorganisms and viruses by creating antibodies and antitoxins.

Question 9

What is the Function of Platelets?

Answer 9

They are very important so the blood clots (becomes thick) at a wound so that new skin can be made and bacteria can not get in.

Question 10

What do arteries do?

Answer 10

Carry lood away your heart to the organs of your body. They do this by stretching forcing the blood to go through , this creates a lot of pressure and is why it is dangerous if you cut a artery.

Question 11

What do veins do?

Answer 11

Veins carry blood away from the organs towards the heart (de-oxygenated blood), they do this through valves and allows blood to flow through but if it starts to flow backwards then valves close.

Question 12

What do Capillaries do?

Answer 12

They form a huge network of tiny vessels linking the arteries and the veins, they easily allow oxygen and glucose to diffuse into our cells but also the bi-product of carbon-dioxide to come back into the blood.

Question 13

What is the structure of Arteries?

Answer 13

Thick walls cotaining muscle and elastic fibres.

Question 14

What is the structure of Veins?

Answer 14

They have relativly thin walls and often have valves.

Question 15

What is the structure of Capillaries?

Answer 15

They are narrow with very thin walls.

Question 16

What is a Stent?

Answer 16

A stent is a metal mesh that is placed in the artery with a balloon to inflate it so blood vessel can open up (if blocked) and it remains in place

Question 17

What are Statins?

Answer 17

A medicine that reduces blood cholesterol levels which slows down the rate of which fatty material is deposited in the coronary arteries, used by people with cardiovascular disease .

Question 18

What are Artificial Valves?

Answer 18

There are two types of valves that can replace in: Biological valves or Mechanical Valves. Mechanical valves are made out of titanium and polymer but you must take medicine for the rest of your life so blood does not clot around it. Biological valves are based on animals and human donors valves but they must be replaced.

Question 19

What are Artificial Pacemakers?

Answer 19

It is a electrical device used to correct irregularities in the heart rate which is implanted into your chest and attached to your heart with two wires.

Question 20

What is a heart Transplant?

Answer 20

It is when someone gets a doner heart from another person, with the same tissue match.

Question 21

What is a Artificial Heart?

Answer 21

Sometimes a heart can not be given in time so so they don’t die so and temporary artificial heart is given to keep them alive until they get a heart donor or so there diseased heart can recover.

Question 22

What is the Gas Exchange?

Answer 22

It is when oxygen moves from the lungs to the blood stream through the cluster of Alveloi.

Question 23

Why is Gas Exchange important for the Body?

Answer 23

It is important for the body as it means all the cells can get oxygen very efficently which they need to function.

Question 24

What happens to the lungs when breathing in and out?

Answer 24

Breathing in - increased volume mean lower pressure in the chest
Breathing out- deacreased volume means increased pressure in the chest.

Question 25

How does the Alveoli work?

Answer 25

Air comes in and is deffused into the capilary cell walls were red blood cells take the oxygen.

Question 26

What are the feature of the Alveoli?

Answer 26

1) Alveoli’s thin cell wall, means shorter diffusion distance.
2) Large surface area so more diffusion can happen.
3) Good Blood supply so theres a steep concentration gradient, means oxygen can be absorbed quickly and carbon dioxide can be released quickly.

Question 27

What does Xylem do?

Answer 27

Transports water and nutrients, from the roots to the stem and leaves.

Question 28

What does Phloem do?

Answer 28

Transport mainly organic products, moving food (i.e sugars).

Question 29

What is Translocation?

Answer 29

The movement of dissolved sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant.

Question 30

What is the water movement in the plant?

Answer 30

Water is absorbed by the roots. The water travels through the xylem, this is called the Transpiration Stream. Then goes to the leaves and water is diffused through the stomata by transpiration.

Question 31

How does the Potometer work?

Answer 31

During transpiration, the water evaporates from leaves and therefore the air bubble will move into or along the pipette as water is tacken up into the plant.

Question 32

How do you calculate the rate of Transpiration?

Answer 32

Rate = Distance / Time

Question 33

Humans have a double Circulation System, what are the two parts of it?

Answer 33

1) One carries blood from you heart to your lungs and back again, allowing oxygen and carbon dioxide to be exchanged.
2) The other one carries blood from your heart to all the other organs in the body and back.