B3 - The Digestive System Flashcards
Give the list of what the body’s organisms go up in?
Cells -> Tissues -> Organ -> Organ System -> Organism
What is a cell?
Cells are the basic building blocks of any living organisms.
What is a tissue?
A tissue is a group of cells with similar structure and function working together. For example a muscular tissue.
What is a Organ?
An organ is a collection of tissues and several tissue work together to perform a specific function. Is used in the stomach to digest food.
What is a organ system?
Organ systems are groups of organs all work together to perform on specific function. An example is the digestive system.
What is a organism?
A whole multicellular organism is made up of a number of organ systems working together. An example is a human.
What does the mouth do?
The teeth grind the food physically and the enzymes called ‘amylase’ in saliva break it down chemically.
What does the oesophagus do?
It pushes the food from the mouth to the gut in a peristalsis motion.
What does the liver do?
Produces and releases bile which breaks up fats that the stomach could not.
What does the Stomach do?
The stomach churns the food in the liquid if hydrochloric acid to fully break down the food.
What does the large Intestine do?
It releases water back into the bloodstream and moves unneeded food to be released.
What does the pancreas do?
It releases insulin to control glucose levels in the blood. And creates amylase.
What does the gall bladder do?
It stores the bile to break down the fats.
What does the small intestine do?
It allows cells in the bloodstream to absorb the food. It makes lipase aswell.
What is the food structure of carbohydrates?
It is simple sugars and glucose.
What is the food structure of Proteins?
A lot of different types of amino acids.
What is the food structure of Lipids (fats)?
It is glycerol and three types of fatty acids.
How does enzymes break down food?
Enzymes are very specific on which reaction catalyse (begin) as the molecule must be exactly the right complementary shape to bind. The food molecules called the Substrate will bind to the enzyme in the active site of it. The bonds will then be broken in the molecule.
What is the active site?
It is the part of the enzyme which the reactant (substrate) binds to and the same way a key goes into a lock the substrate goes into the enzymes active site.
What is the enzyme to break down carbohydrates?
Amylase
What is the enzyme to break down proteins?
Pepsin
What is the enzyme to break down lipids (fats)?
Lipase
Why is bile so important for fats?
The fats you eat do not mix with all the watery liquids in your digestive system so it is hard for the lipase to digest the fats. This why bile is important as it provides a larger surface area for lipase to break up the fats more quickly and easier.
What is the function of an enzyme?
There function is to speed up the rate of chemical reactions to occur in the cells.
What is metabolism?
It is the sum of all the reactions in a cell or in a body and it is controlled by enzymes.
What is food test of starch?
You drop iodine onto the food and if it turns blue-black starch is present.
What is the food test for sugar?
Cover the food in Benedict solution and put in bath of hot water, if the solution turns brick-red then glucose is present.
What is the food test for lipids?
Drop ethanol in the food and shake it. Then pour it into water and if a cloudy white layer is formed then lipids is present.
What is the food test for Protein?
Add the blue buret solution and if the food turns purple then protein is present.
What is it asking for when it says describe the graph?
State what you can see on the graph.
What is it asking you to do when it says to explain the graph?
To use your own previous knowledge to explain the graph
