B3 - The Digestive System

Question 1

Give the list of what the body’s organisms go up in?

Answer 1

Cells -> Tissues -> Organ -> Organ System -> Organism

Question 2

What is a cell?

Answer 2

Cells are the basic building blocks of any living organisms.

Question 3

What is a tissue?

Answer 3

A tissue is a group of cells with similar structure and function working together. For example a muscular tissue.

Question 4

What is a Organ?

Answer 4

An organ is a collection of tissues and several tissue work together to perform a specific function. Is used in the stomach to digest food.

Question 5

What is a organ system?

Answer 5

Organ systems are groups of organs all work together to perform on specific function. An example is the digestive system.

Question 6

What is a organism?

Answer 6

A whole multicellular organism is made up of a number of organ systems working together. An example is a human.

Question 7

What does the mouth do?

Answer 7

The teeth grind the food physically and the enzymes called ‘amylase’ in saliva break it down chemically.

Question 8

What does the oesophagus do?

Answer 8

It pushes the food from the mouth to the gut in a peristalsis motion.

Question 9

What does the liver do?

Answer 9

Produces and releases bile which breaks up fats that the stomach could not.

Question 10

What does the Stomach do?

Answer 10

The stomach churns the food in the liquid if hydrochloric acid to fully break down the food.

Question 11

What does the large Intestine do?

Answer 11

It releases water back into the bloodstream and moves unneeded food to be released.

Question 12

What does the pancreas do?

Answer 12

It releases insulin to control glucose levels in the blood. And creates amylase.

Question 13

What does the gall bladder do?

Answer 13

It stores the bile to break down the fats.

Question 14

What does the small intestine do?

Answer 14

It allows cells in the bloodstream to absorb the food. It makes lipase aswell.

Question 15

What is the food structure of carbohydrates?

Answer 15

It is simple sugars and glucose.

Question 16

What is the food structure of Proteins?

Answer 16

A lot of different types of amino acids.

Question 17

What is the food structure of Lipids (fats)?

Answer 17

It is glycerol and three types of fatty acids.

Question 18

How does enzymes break down food?

Answer 18

Enzymes are very specific on which reaction catalyse (begin) as the molecule must be exactly the right complementary shape to bind. The food molecules called the Substrate will bind to the enzyme in the active site of it. The bonds will then be broken in the molecule.

Question 19

What is the active site?

Answer 19

It is the part of the enzyme which the reactant (substrate) binds to and the same way a key goes into a lock the substrate goes into the enzymes active site.

Question 20

What is the enzyme to break down carbohydrates?

Answer 20

Amylase

Question 21

What is the enzyme to break down proteins?

Answer 21

Pepsin

Question 22

What is the enzyme to break down lipids (fats)?

Answer 22

Lipase

Question 23

Why is bile so important for fats?

Answer 23

The fats you eat do not mix with all the watery liquids in your digestive system so it is hard for the lipase to digest the fats. This why bile is important as it provides a larger surface area for lipase to break up the fats more quickly and easier.

Question 24

What is the function of an enzyme?

Answer 24

There function is to speed up the rate of chemical reactions to occur in the cells.

Question 25

What is metabolism?

Answer 25

It is the sum of all the reactions in a cell or in a body and it is controlled by enzymes.

Question 26

What is food test of starch?

Answer 26

You drop iodine onto the food and if it turns blue-black starch is present.

Question 27

What is the food test for sugar?

Answer 27

Cover the food in Benedict solution and put in bath of hot water, if the solution turns brick-red then glucose is present.

Question 28

What is the food test for lipids?

Answer 28

Drop ethanol in the food and shake it. Then pour it into water and if a cloudy white layer is formed then lipids is present.

Question 29

What is the food test for Protein?

Answer 29

Add the blue buret solution and if the food turns purple then protein is present.

Question 30

What is it asking for when it says describe the graph?

Answer 30

State what you can see on the graph.

Question 31

What is it asking you to do when it says to explain the graph?

Answer 31

To use your own previous knowledge to explain the graph